Based on near-infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics， a rapid and non-destructive identification method for different varieties and adulterate ,notoginseng, was proposed. Meanwhile， samples of ,Sedum notoginseng,， ,Chrysanthemum notoginseng,， ,Xue notoginseng, and ,Tian notoginseng, were collected， and the near-infrared spectra for complete， powder and adulterated samples were obtained. Single and combined pretreatment methods were used to eliminate the interferences in the spectra， in which the best pretreatment method was screened out. Combined with the principal component analysis method， the identification models for different varieties and adulterated samples were established. Results showed that with the original spectra of powder and adulterated samples，100% identification accuracy could be obtained. Affected by the physical properties，the identification accuracy for the complete samples was 9.38%，but the value could reach 93.75% with the help of continuous wavelet transform. The combined pretreatment method could be used to eliminate the various interferences in the spectra， and the optimization pretreatment method could significantly improve the identification. With the help of De-bias + first derivative， De-bias + continuous wavelet transform， and second derivative + standard normal variable transformation， the identification accuracy of complete samples reached 93.75%. The above results showed that the rapid and non-destructive identification of different varieties and adulterate ,notoginseng, could be realized by near-infrared spectroscopy technique combined with chemometrics.