A novel method of digital chromatography-mass spectrometry fingerprints of agarwood was established by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry(HPLC-Q-TOF-MS).The agarwood sample was ultrasonically extracted with ethanol,then determined by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS,thus high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet(HPLC-UV) chromatograms and total ion chromatograms of high resolution time of flight mass spectrometry(TOF-MS) could be obtained simultaneously.Establishment of the digital fingerprints was conducted by acquiring the exact mass number of each peak combined with retention time in the chromatogram,so as to obtain the unique digital information of each peak and characterize its chemical composition in digital form,and finally deduce its molecular formula by exact mass and isotopes.A total of 30 components were identified by secondary mass spectrometry and literature data.The method could provide the digital information similar to identification for each chemical component of agarwood.The compositions of agarwood could be fully acquired as the digital information is unique,and it provides scientific data for the researches on pharmacology,pharmacodynamics and quality specification of agarwood.