This study aimed at the investigation of effect of Xuefu Zhuyu decotion(XFZY) on rats with traumatic brain injury(TBI) in plasma metabolomics.The plasma samples from the treatment group,the model group as well as the sham group were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Forty three important metabolites were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed.t test was employed for the model group and the sham group,and 13 metabolites were found with significant differences.Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) was performed on the model group and the sham group.The obvious classification tendency was observed between the two groups.Integrating the variable importance in projection(VIP) and the results of T test,lactic acid,histidine,palmitic acid,tryptophan,linoleic acid,oleic acid,and stearic acid were selected as biomarkers.The treatment group was gavaged with XFZY,and seven biomarkers were used to observe the metabolite changes in treatment groups experiencing the treatment after 1,3,7 and 14 days,respectively.It was found that the relative concentrations of lactic acid,histidine,palmitate,linoleic acid,and stearic acid decreased gradually.The relative concentration of tryptophan decreased at first,and then increased,while the relative concentration of oleic acid showed an opposite trend.A consensus is emerging about the relative concentration of seven metabolites between the sham group and treatment group on day 14.Experimental results showed that XFZY had a good therapeutic effect on TBI.Meanwhile,those metabolites,ie lactic acid,histidine,palmitic acid,tryptophan,linoleic acid,oleic acid and stearic acid could be used as the biomarkers for monitoring the therapeutic effect and recovery of TBI.