Biosafety,as one of twelve domains of national security,has been attracting close attention from all professions and trades.The“Biosecurity Law of the Peoples Republic of China” enacted in Oct.2020 provides a law basis for coping with biothreats.Both sources of biothreat(deliberate or non deliberate,pathogens,toxins or biological invasions，etc.) and threated subjects(humans,animals,plants and environment) are diverse.At present,coping strategies are still based on the discipline “preventive medicine of anti biothreat”.However,in dealing with the multiple sources of biosafety issues,the limitations of this discipline are witnessed.In this review,the concept evolution of biosafety or biosecurity and the categorization of biothreat are firstly discussed.Meanwhile,a new discipline,ie.science of anti biothreat,is proposed with its scope for laying foundation of disciplinary development in ensuring national security.The tasks of new discipline toward biothreat include:recognition,identification and source tracing,followed by elimination,and finally prevention and control of the biothreat.In order to realize all these objectives,experts from different relevant professions ought to be organized to discuss how to develop this cross disciplinary subject,and how to prepare for handling diverse biothreats,how to educate young people to strengthen their concept and capability of biosafety,how to arrange the scientific and technological research to meet the national biosafety requirement and how to coordinate industrial and academic resources for translating research achievements into national biosafety capabilities,and how to oversight all biosafety related research to make sure no misuse of biological technologies.