31 inorganic phosphorus containing compounds and 84 organic phosphorus containing compounds were collected，and the 31P NMR spectra database of phosphorus containing compounds was established for the first time.A method based on the spectra database was developed for the rapid determination of phosphorus containing compounds in detergents by 31P NMR.Phosphorus containing compounds in several kinds of washing powder，metal cleaning agents and deoiling agents were detected by NMR.By comparing the 31P NMR spectra of the tested samples with that of the standard，the structures of phosphorus containing compounds in detergents were identified.The results showed that，under the presented conditions，three phosphorus containing compounds e.g.sodium tripolyphosphate，sodium pyrophosphate and disodium hydrogen phosphate were detected in one kind of washing powder.Only one phosphorus containing component （phosphoric acid） was detected in all three metal cleaning agents.And the phosphorus containing components of three deoiling agents were detected to be phosphate polyoxyethylene nonylphenol，sodium tripolyphosphate and disodium hydrogen phosphate,as well as sodium tripolyphosphate,sodium phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate，respectively.The proposed method could also be applied in the analysis of other phosphorus containing fine chemical products with the advantages of simplicity，accuracy and rapidity.