The fat-soluble components of four rice species,including Wuchang rice,Meihe rice,Liaoning rice and Thailand rice,were analyzed by GC-MS method. By means of NIST mass spectral library and NIST mass spectral search program,four main fat-soluble contents such as palmitic acid,9,12-octadecadienoic acid,oleic acid,squalene and sitosterol in the rices were recognized.The fat-soluble components fingerprints were established for different rice species. The results indicated that there were diverse fingerprints for the rices from different places of origin. Therefore,an effective method was established for the identification of different rice species by using principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis.