A high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometric（HPLC-MS/MS) method was established to detect residues of 5 fruit preservatives including p-methyl hydroxybenzoate,p-ethyl hydroxybenzoate,2,4-dichlorobenzene oxygen ethanoic acid（2,4-D),ethyl naphthol and 4-phenyl phenol simultaneously.The samples were extracted with ether,then purified with activated carbon column,and separated on a C18 column by gradient elution using 50% methanol（A)-acetonitrile（B) as mobile phase.The calibration curves were linear between peak areas and concentrations of 5 preservatives in the range of 0.05-1.2 mg/L,with correlation coefficients more than 0.999.The limits of detection were in the range of 0.5 -2.0 μg/kg for five preservatives.The average recoveries ranged from 81.0% to 1045%,with RSDs of 1.3%-6.8%.The method was suitable for the analysis of the above preservatives in fresh fruits with advantages of rapidness,good sensitivity and accuracy.