A method of chromatography fingerprint of engine oil by HPLC was established.The chromatographic conditions were as follows：RP- C18 column，mobile phase：acetonitrile-water by gradient elution，detection wavelength：280 nm，column temperature：30 ℃，injection volume：10 μL.The methodological evaluation showed that the relative standard deviations（RSDs） of relative time（α） and relative area of chromatographic peaks（Sr） from common peaks were all less than 2.4%，which could meet the technical requirement of the fingerprint（less than 3%）.By further analyzing the main characteristic peaks and computing the chromatographic peaks overlapping ratios and the similarity, could be identified and evaluated the quality of engine oil.Compared with the traditional methods，this method greatly reduced the cost of trial and time，and provided a new area for the application of rapid identification and quality control of engine oils.