The highly specific antibody was prepared with CNH（6-［（1-naphthyloxy） carbonyl］ amino hexanoic acid）coupled with BSA（bovine serum albumin）as immunogen.Three coating antigens,CNH-OVA,CNB-OVA and CNA-OVA were obtained with CNH（6-［（1-naphthyloxy） carbonyl］ amino hexanoic acid）,CNB（4-［（1-naphthyloxy） carbonyl］ amino butyric acid）and CNA（3-［（1-naphthyloxy） carbonyl］ amino propanoic acid）coupled with OVA,respectively.Taking antibody and coating antigens mentioned above as key materials,the influences of homologous coating antigen,heterologous coating antigen and each ELISA influence factor on detection sensitivity were investigated,the indirect competitive ELISA of carbaryl was established,and the method’s applicability to the measurement of carbaryl residues in rice and its soil was studied.The results showed that the sensitivity of the ELISA assay with CNA-OVA heterologous coating was high,and the IC50 was (10.51±0.11) μg?L-1.The detection range of ELISA was in the range of 2.07-47.30 μg?L-1（IC20-IC80 as a standard）.Taking 0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0 mg?kg-1 as additive concentration,the spiked recoveries of carbaryl in the rice and soil samples were in the ranges of 92.3%-111.6% and 85.3%-103.2%,respectively.The relative standard deviations were less than 10%.There were no distinct difference between the results of ELISA and HPLC（P>0.05）.