Protein phosphorylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications,and also plays a vital role in cellular metabolism.Aberrant protein phosphorylation states and kinase activity are associated with many human diseases such as cancer,diabetes mellitus and heart disease.Due to the dynamic reversibility of protein phosphorylation and the low abundance of phosphoprotein/phosphopeptide in biological samples,it is a big challenge to the ultrasensitive detection of protein phosphorylation,which is most significant for earlier clinical analysis on disease and drug screening.In this work,the mechanism for selective recognization or capture of phosphoprotein/phosphopeptide was discussed.The main mechanisms for enrichment of phosphoprotein/phosphopeptide or signal amplification in protein phosphorylation analysis based on nanostructured materials were introduced in detail.Based on that mechanism,the recent application and development of nanostructured materials in protein phosphorylation analysis were reviewed.