The microfluidic platform combined with surface enhanced Raman scattering（SERS） spectrum analytical method has attracted great attention in the field of biochemical assay because its advantages such as simple sample preparation,nondestructive testing,better identification and applicability in water environment detection.The key points of establishing the analytical method based on the microfluidic SERS chip are SERS chip design and fabrication,which also are the core issues for improving the detection sensitivity and reproducibility.Based on the demonstration of the basic configuration and function of microfluidic SERS chip,the fabrication of SERS substrate in a microfluidic SERS chip and the SERS effects of the chip are mainly summarized in this paper.The SERS substrates fabricated by Micro-Electro-mechanical-System（MEMS） technology are of the characters such as nanometer particle size controlled,easy integration with microfluidic devices and limitation of the materials species.Meanwhile，the SERS substrates fabricated by physical or chemical methods，such as chemical deposition and self assembly,have the advantages of easy materials expansion,low cost and flexible combination with microchannels.The microfluidic SERS chip and the analytical methods display a great potential in the field of biochemical detection,especially in the bacteria monitoring.