An analytical method for the qualitative analysis of lipids in different parts of Pelteoobagrus fulvidraco was developed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS).The dried tissue and serum were extracted with methanol-chloroform(1∶1).The separation of extract was performed on a C8 analytical column(100mm×2.1mm,1.7μm),using methanol-acetonitrile-isopropanol(1∶1∶1)(A) and acetonitrile-water(B) as mobile phases.Both A and B contained 0.1% formic acid and 0.01%sodium formate.The analysis of lipids was performed in positive and negative ionization modes.Under the optimized condition,mass-to-charge values of each lipid were obtained by high-resolution mass spectrometry,and the elemental composition could be evaluated.Based on the fragmentation pathways and characteristic fragment ions of lipids,totally 85 lipids were identified in serum,muscle and liver,which contain ten classes: phosphatidylcholines(PC),lysophosphatidylcholines(Lyso-PC),phosphatidylethanolamine(PE),lysophosphatidylethanolamine(Lyso-PE),phosphatidylinositol(PI),phosphatidylserine(PS),diradylglycerols(DAG),triradylglycerols(TAG),sphingomyelin(SM) and ceramides(Cer).There were 19 lipids,including Lyso-PC 16∶0,nine PCs,three PIs,four TAGs and two SMs found in muscle,liver and serum.While PS and Lyso-PE were only observed in muscle,such as PS 18∶0/22∶6,Lyso-PE 16∶0 and Lyso-PE 18∶1.Ceramides was identified in the extracts of liver tissue.PE and DAG were identified in the muscle and liver tissue.The method was demonstrated to be simple,sensitive and rapid,and was suitable for the analysis of lipid in different parts of Pelteoobagrus fulvidraco.