In this work，the molecularly imprinted polymers（MIPs） for chloramphenicol（CAP）（CAP-MIPs） were prepared by ionic liquids assistance using 2-vinylpyridine as functional monomer，ethylene glycol dimethacrylate（EGDMA） as the cross-linker and 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile（AIBN） as the initiator in the mixture of tetrahydrofuran and ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate（［BMIm］BF4） as the porogenic solvent.The effects of functional monomer，progenic solvent on the binding capacity of MIPs were optimized.The MIPs possessed a high capacity and a favorable selectivity for CAP in the preparation of MIPs using 2-vinylpyridine as functional monomer and ionic liquid（［BMIm］BF4）（1∶1，by volume） as polymeric solvent.The imprinting factor of CAP-MIPs reached to 2.6.The reusability of CAP-MIPs without any deterioration in capacity was demonstrated for five adsorption-desorption cycles.The developed method was applied in the enrichment and determination of CAP in spiked egg samples using CAP-MIPs as the adsorbent,with CAP recoveries of 62.3%-81.1%.