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1.中国科学院生态环境研究中心 环境化学与生态毒理学国家重点实验室 北京 100085
2.国科大杭州高等研究院 环境学院,浙江 杭州 310024
3.江西省生态环境科学研究与规划院 固体废物与化学品研究所,江西 南昌330077
Received:13 March 2025,
Revised:01 May 2025,
Accepted:06 May 2025,
Published Online:20 June 2025,
Published:15 August 2025
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李允中,张群,文昊楠,杨学志,陆达伟,汪帅马,熊晶晶,张海燕,傅建捷,刘倩,江桂斌.锂电池产业全生命周期环境影响与应对策略[J].分析测试学报,2025,44(08):1-9.
LI Yun-zhong,ZHANG Qun,WEN Hao-nan,YANG Xue-zhi,LU Da-wei,WANG Shuai-ma,XIONG Jing-jing,ZHANG Hai-yan,FU Jian-jie,LIU Qian,JIANG Gui-bin.Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Strategies of the Lithium Battery Industry Across Its Life Cycle[J].Journal of Instrumental Analysis,2025,44(08):1-9.
李允中,张群,文昊楠,杨学志,陆达伟,汪帅马,熊晶晶,张海燕,傅建捷,刘倩,江桂斌.锂电池产业全生命周期环境影响与应对策略[J].分析测试学报,2025,44(08):1-9. DOI: 10.12452/j.fxcsxb.250313190.
LI Yun-zhong,ZHANG Qun,WEN Hao-nan,YANG Xue-zhi,LU Da-wei,WANG Shuai-ma,XIONG Jing-jing,ZHANG Hai-yan,FU Jian-jie,LIU Qian,JIANG Gui-bin.Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Strategies of the Lithium Battery Industry Across Its Life Cycle[J].Journal of Instrumental Analysis,2025,44(08):1-9. DOI: 10.12452/j.fxcsxb.250313190.
能源转型需求推动锂电池产业快速发展,但其全生命周期的环境代价日益突出。该文综述了锂电池产业从“采矿-冶炼-使用-回收”各阶段的环境影响,并探讨相应应对策略。主要环境问题包括植被破坏、水资源消耗、能源消耗、碳排放、重金属污染及新污染物排放。为降低环境影响,锂渣资源化利用、废旧电池绿色回收(如生物/有机酸浸出)和直接再生等技术正持续优化和应用。政府需制定并完善政策,以推动产业绿色转型,加强全链条固废监管与资源化利用,包括通过“电池护照”制度实现责任追溯,构建全生命周期监管体系等策略,以促进锂电池产业的可持续发展。
The increasing demand for energy transition has accelerated the expansion of the lithium battery industry;however,its full life-cycle environmental costs are becoming increasingly significant. This review evaluates the environmental impacts associated with each stage of the lithium battery life cycle—from mining and smelting to usage and recycling—and discusses corresponding mitigation strategies. Major environmental concerns include vegetation loss,excessive water and energy consumption,carbon emissions,heavy metal contamination,and the release of emerging organic pollutants. To alleviate these impacts,advancements in lithium slag reutilization,environmentally sustainable battery recycling techniques(e.g.,bioleaching and organic acid leaching),and direct regeneration are continuously being refined and implemented. The government needs to formulate and improve policies to promote the green transformation of the industry,strengthen the whole chain of solid waste regulation and resource utilization,including the “battery passport” system to achieve responsibility traceability,and build a whole life cycle regulatory system and other strategies to promote the sustainable development of the lithium battery industry.
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