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1.清华大学深圳国际研究生院 材料与器件检测技术中心,广东 深圳 518055
2.广西大学 资源环境与材料学院,广西 南宁 530004
3.省部共建特色金属与组合结构全寿命安全国家重点实验室,广西 南宁 530004
Received:05 September 2024,
Revised:17 October 2024,
Accepted:2024-11-06,
Published Online:16 April 2025,
Published:15 May 2025
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潘燕芳,李晓静,杨文超,李东,廖华平,许燕娜.X射线光电子能谱在过渡族金属化合物及稀土化合物化学态分析中的应用[J].分析测试学报,2025,44(05):1-12.
PAN Yan-fang,LI Xiao-jing,YANG Wen-chao,LI Dong,LIAO Hua-ping,XU Yan-na.Application of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy in Chemical State Analysis of Transition Metal Compounds and Rare Earth Compounds[J].Journal of Instrumental Analysis,2025,44(05):1-12.
潘燕芳,李晓静,杨文超,李东,廖华平,许燕娜.X射线光电子能谱在过渡族金属化合物及稀土化合物化学态分析中的应用[J].分析测试学报,2025,44(05):1-12. DOI: 10.12452/j.fxcsxb.240905374.
PAN Yan-fang,LI Xiao-jing,YANG Wen-chao,LI Dong,LIAO Hua-ping,XU Yan-na.Application of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy in Chemical State Analysis of Transition Metal Compounds and Rare Earth Compounds[J].Journal of Instrumental Analysis,2025,44(05):1-12. DOI: 10.12452/j.fxcsxb.240905374.
X射线光电子能谱(XPS)是处理表面化学态分析的重要手段,已广泛应用于科学研究的各个领域,极大地推动了科研的发展。然而过渡族金属化合物及稀土化合物谱峰结构复杂,存在多重分裂和谱峰展宽,是化学态分析的难点。该文主要通过介绍数据库或手册上的过渡族金属化合物以及稀土化合物的标准谱图,对化学态的分析方法—分峰拟合法、卫星峰特征法、俄歇谱峰或修正俄歇参数法进行了介绍,并重点介绍了修正俄歇参数的计算方法。稀土化合物,可参考的数据库和标准窄谱少,很多单质态和化合态都存在独特的振激峰,谱峰极其复杂,分析困难,该文以La和Ce为例进行了说明。在混合价态的分析方面,着重介绍了非线性最小二乘法(NLLSF),该方法是一种是以真实的谱图函数构建预设峰形函数的方法,能量损失峰、卫星峰、多重分裂峰等均包含在谱图中,能够进行确切峰形拟合,处理混合化学态共存的谱图时简单可靠。Ni 2p和F KLL,Ni、Co、Mn和Fe几个元素间存在重叠区,可以通过更换阳极靶材,使俄歇谱峰发生移动进而从主光电子峰分离,便于后续数据解析。在数据解析前需查询数据库网站是否有可参照的标准谱图,对于没有标准窄谱参考的元素,需结合其他元素的窄谱、样品的定性半定量结果进行客观合理的自洽分析,切勿按照实验预期或臆想推断进行分峰拟合。
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) is an important method for surface chemical states analysis,which has been widely used in various fields of scientific research and has greatly promoted the development of scientific research. However,the chemical state analysis for the transition metal compounds and rare earth compounds are difficult because of their complex structure,multiple splitting and broadening of the spectral peaks. In this paper,the chemical state analysis methods are summarized by introducing the standard spectra of transition metal compounds and rare earth compounds in database or handbook,which are peak fitting method,characteristic satellite peak judgment method,and kinetic energy of Auger line or modified Auger parameter method,etc. The calculation of modified Auger parameters is presented. For rare earth compounds,there are few databases and standard narrow spectra that can be referred to,the spectral peaks are extremely complex,and many elemental and combined states have unique peaks,which make it more difficult to analyze,this paper takes La and Ce as examples. For the analysis of mixed valence states,the nonlinear least square fitting method(NLLSF) is introduced,which is a method to build a preset peak shape function based on the real spectrum function. The energy loss peak,satellite peak and multiple splitting peak are all included in the spectrum,which can accurately fit the peak shape,and is simple,convenient and reliable for dealing with the spectrum of mixed chemical states coexistence. There are overlap between Ni 2p and F KLL,among Ni,Co,Mn and Fe,and the anode target are suggested to replace to make the Auger lines move and separate from the main photoelectron peak,which will make it much more convenient for the subsequent data analysis. Querying whether there is a standard spectrum in the database website for reference before data analysis is important,and for those elements without a standard narrow spectrum to refer to,objective,reasonable and self-consistent analysis should be carried out in combination with the narrow spectrum of other elements and the qualitative and semi-quantitative results of the sample,avoiding analyzing by experimental expectations or speculative inferences.
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