Aiming at the scientific problem that oil crops contain a variety of lipid molecules which structures are difficult to identify,an ultra high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry was developed for the analysis of lipids in five kinds of oilseeds,i.e.rapeseed,soybean,peanut,sunflower seed and corn.Lipids were separated by using reversed phase chromatographic column ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm).In UPLC-Orbitrap Fusion Mass positive or negative ion mode,Data Dependent MS2 data were collected,and lipid molecules were characterized by using secondary mass spectrometry fragment characteristics,accurate molecular mass,retention time and database matching,then the unique structural formulas of the lipid molecules were obtained.A total of 132 lipid molecules in oil crops were identified in this research,including 8 diglyceride(DG）,5 lysophosphatidylcholine(LPC）,2 lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine(LPE）,24 phosphatidylcholine(PC）,18 phosphatidyl ethanolamine(PE）,8 phosphatidyl inositol(PI）,1 phosphatidyl glycerol(PG）,1 phosphatidyl serine(PS） and 65 triglyceride(TG）,then peak area ratio was used to compare their relative contents.This method could well realize the separation of lipid components and improve the analysis of lipid components in oil crops from the level of fatty acid analysis to the level of lipid molecules,and it provides a research basis for better application of lipid components in oil crops and promotes the development of lipidomics.