Optical bio-sensing is a kind of microanalysis technology based on the generation of various optical signals.It has the advantages of simple operation, low detection cost, strong anti-interference ability and in situ detection.It has a broad application prospect in clinical diagnosis, drug analysis, environmental monitoring and other fields.Meanwhile, gold nanoparticles(AuNPs), as a particularly important class of nanomaterials, have been widely used in the construction of optical bio-sensing methods due to their unique optical properties.In this review, the recent progresses of AuNPs-based optical bio-sensing methods are summarized, the possible problems in practical application are proposed, and the future development trend is prospected.