A rapid identification method for camellia oil was established by direct analysis in real time-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(DART-QTOF-MS) combined with chemometrics analysis.Camellia oil,rapeseed oil,peanut oil and soybean oil were accurately weighed,respectively.After dilution,each of them were executed a desorption ionization by DART.In the positive ion mode,the MS data were obtained by TOF MS and information dependent acquisition(IDA) mode,and the mass spectra of four edible oils were preliminarily identified.Meanwhile,the models of principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) were established by chemometrics to realize the data visualization and the rapid identification and prediction of camellia oil.Results showed that the main contents in the mass spectra were triacylglycerol ammoniated ions ［TAG+NH4］+(m/z 850-1 100),diacylglycerol ammoniated ions ［DAG+NH4］+(m/z 600-700) and DART source debris ions.There were obvious differences in the mass spectra of the four edible oils.A total of 20 triacylglycerols and 6 diacylglycerols were detected.The chemometrics analysis could be used for accurate identification and prediction of camellia oil,rapeseed oil,peanut oil and soybean oil.This method is feasible for the rapid identification on authenticity of camellia oil with its advantages of simple pretreatment,quick analysis and easy operation.