Drug abuse is a global problem,posing a major threat to peoples physical and mental health,economic development and social progress.Drug inspection is a key measure to ensure public security and social order,calling for development of sensitive and accurate analytical techniques.In recent years,new psychoactive substances such as fentanyl compounds have been spreading rapidly due to their stronger effects of excitement,hallucinations and anesthesia,which have become the third generation drugs after traditional drugs and synthetic drugs.The abuse of fentanyl drugs has caused a large number of deaths and serious social problems.In this regard,the authorities worldwide have attached great importance to formulating laws and regulations for their control,and researchers have developed a variety of analytical techniques.In this paper,the advances in traditional laboratory analytical techniques and rapid on site analytical techniques were summarized,and the development trend and application prospects were discussed,which may provide some technical instructions for the researchers in related fields.