In recent years,the rapid development of sample pretreatment techniques interfaced with direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry(DART-MS) has allowed for the direct analysis on target analytes in complex biological,environmental,forensic and food environments,as well as individual small organisms and single cell samples.However,difficulties in detecting the internal analytes in solid matrices and the poor detection performance of trace analytes have become key problems restricting the further development of DART-MS.To solve these problems,several attempts have been made in different research fields to combine sample pretreatment methods with MS.The combinations of sample pretreatment techniques,such as solid-phase extraction(SPE),dispersive solid-phase extraction(DSPE),stir bar sorptive extraction(SBSE),solid-phase microextraction(SPME),mechanochemical extraction(MCE) and microwave-assisted extraction(MAE) with DART-MS are summarized in this review.The improvements that these combined methods may offer are detailed,and the future development trends are also proposed.It is hoped that this review will provide a reference or a basis for the future advancement of new sample treatment techniques in combination with DART-MS.