The latest progress of electrophoresis on microfluidic chips(EMC)is reviewed in this article.The preparation mechanisms，surface modifications and properties of different materials in EMC are compared.The sampling，separation and detection systems of EMC with different structures，as well as their applications in analysis of fluorescent substance，metallic ion，sugar，medicine，nucleic acid，DNA，amino acid，polypeptide and protein，are summarized.The future development of EMC is also forecasted.