In recent years,it is of great theoretical and practical value to make a research on electrochemical biosensors.People are paying more and more attention to the preparation of biosensors based on nanomaterials,and the nano-technology has provided infinite imagination space for the development of electrochemical biosensors.Nanomaterials not only have the excellent physical,chemical and electrocatalytic properties,but also show the quantum size effect and surface effect,which can improve the electrochemical biosensors obviously to a new and high level.Therefore,the electrochemical biosensors based on nanomateirals show many excellent performances,such as smaller volume,faster speed,higher sensitivity and better stability,etc.According to their structures,the nanomaterials can be divided into three categories,e.g.zero-dimentional,one-dimensional and two-dimensional nanomaterials.In this article,the development and application of electrochemical biosensors based on following nanomaterials,zero dimensional nanoparticles（such as metal nanoparticles,quantum dots,magnetic nanoparticles,etc.）,one-dimensional nanomaterials(nanotubes,nanowires and nanorodes) and two-dimensional nanostructured thin films（like graphene） were reviewed.78 related references were cited in this review.