The filtration of released components in the mainstream cigarette smoke by adding graphene oxide（GO） modified activated carbon fiber（ACF） into the cigarette filter was studied.The materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope（SEM），X-ray powder diffraction（XPS） and surface area measurements.The results showed that GO was coated on ACF uniformly.Compared with ACF，the binding energy of O1s in GO-ACF became lower and the peak became more smooth，also，the surface area and the total pore volume increased.Adding GO-ACF to the cigarette filter could result in its contents of phenol，hydrocyanic acid，aldehydes and ketones all lower than those in the ACF filter cigarettes，in which the contents of components all decreased by at least 10% except for aldehyde，and the reductions of phenol and crotonaldehyde were up to 26.7% and 33.1%，respectively.The study on the mechanism of the filtration indicated that，after modifying GO onto ACF，the active sites increased，since the material surface became rich in hydroxyl，carboxyl，carbonyl and conjugated groups which could interact with conjugated or polar molecules easily.This method was effective，and laid a foundation for the application of two dimensional nano materials，such as GO，in cigarette science.