An ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometric method(UPLC/Q-TOF MS） was developed for rapid separation and identification of phospholipids in rat plasma.The classical Bligh-Dyer was used as extraction method.The target compounds were separated on a BEH C18 column by gradient elution using 10 mmol/L ammonium formater(A）-10 mmol/L ammonium formate acetonitrile/isopropanol(1∶1） (B） as mobile phase,and detected by MS under ESI+ and ESI- mode. 81 compounds were identified by UPLC/Q-TOF MS based on MS/MS fragment ions information,elemental composition in Masslynx 4.1 and the Lipid Maps database,among which 7 PE,7 PI and 1 SM were obtained,and the rest were all PC.The method was rapid，simple and credible for the identification of phospholipids in rat plasma,and could provide a foundation for the research of phospholipids metabonomics.