Microfluidic chip electrophoresis could be an ideal candidate for rapid on site analysis associated with food safety and environmental pollutions due to its advantages of low sample/reagent consumption,rapid analysis,high separation performance and easy miniaturization.This review covers the typical applications of this technique in areas of food safety and environmental analysis,including detection of harmful residues and illegal additives in foods,and determination of toxic inorganic ions and organic pollutants in environmental samples.The factors that limit the applications of this technique in the real-world analytical practice are discussed,and the potential ways to solve these problems are proposed.