A novel electrochemical sensor for ropivacaine hydrochloride(RH) based on graphene quantum dots-molecularly imprinted polymer(MIP) modified glass carbon electrode was constructed.The graphene quantum dots(GQDs) were synthesized by the pyrolysis method,and adsorbed on the surface of conducting poly(o-aminophenol) membrane by π-π stacking，and then the o aminophenol as functional monomer and RH as template molecule were electrochemically imprinted on the film of GQDs to develop the GQDs-MIP sensor.The average lateral size of GQDs characterized by atomic force microscope(AFM) is about 20 nm.The response mechanism of the resulting sensor was investigated by differential pulse voltammetry and the linear relationship of sensor was determined by means of amperometric I-t curve.The results indicated that the calibration curve was linear in the range of 2.0×10-6-6.1×10-4 mol/L，and the detection limit(S/N=3)was 1.1×10-6 mol/L.Compared with the molecular imprinting sensor without GQDs，the GQDs-MIP sensor exhibited a wide linear range and a lower detection limit.The spiked recoveries were in the range of 91.0%-101%.The sensor was applied in the analysis of RH in plasma samples with RH concentration of 4.21×10-6 mol/L.In contrast to the detection result of high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) method，this electrochemical analytical approach is credible，and could be applied in the detection of RH in clinical samples.