A gunshot residue（GSR） analysis method by mapping technique of micro-X-ray fluorescence（μ-XRF） spectrometer was established,by optimizing the gunshot sample collecting technique,and examing the mapping images of relating elements（Cl，K，S，Sb，Sn，Ba，Pb，Hg，As，Fe，Cu，Zn,Ti,Ca,Rh） in PU clothing which was shot perpendicularly with 64 pistol at different distances（0，2，5，10，15，20，25，30，35，40，45，50，60，80，100，120，140，170，200，300，500，1 000 cm）.Furthermore,the model of GSR characteristic elemental distribution related to shooting distance was built,and the unitary quantitative data were obtained too.The method could be used to judge the gunshot range and offer the evidences for case investigation and justice.