Chemiluminescence immunoassay is widely used in the rapid detection of microbes because of its high sensitivity of chemiluminescence and high specificity of immune response.In the paper,the advance of the coresystems of chemiluminescence immunoassay in microbiological detection is emphatically illustrated.The related sample pretreatments and the new detection methods are reviewed.Although Chemiluminescence immunoassay in the microbiological detection has the advantages of rapidness and low consumption,its specific recognition and sensitivity could be further improved.The innovative luminescence systems,the luminescence amplification methods,the alternative recognition elements and the related pretreatment techniques are the focuses in future research.