最新刊期
卷 45 ， 期 8 ， 2026
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师从姚先生，开拓压电液相振荡与传感新领域 AI导读
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和导师姚守拙先生在一起的日子 AI导读
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摘要：In this study，a dual-mode sensing platform combining photoelectrochemical（PEC） and quartz crystal microbalance（QCM） techniques was developed for highly sensitive assay of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B（PTP1B） activity. The sensing platform employed a porous anatase/rutile TiO2 heterojunction loaded with phosphotungstic acid（A/R-TiO2@HPW） as the photocurrent-responsive material. The PTP1B-targeted phosphorylated-peptide was immobilized on the QCM gold-coated quartz crystal（Au electrode） through the specific binding between TiO2 and phosphate groups，and silicon dioxide（SiO2） nanospheres were introduced to enhance spatial hindrance，thereby suppressing the initial photocurrent. Upon PTP1B-catalyzed dephosphorylation of the peptide，both the peptide and SiO2 nanospheres were released from the Au electrode，leading to photocurrent recovery along with a significant change in the QCM resonant frequency，thus enabling sensitive PEC-QCM dual-mode detection of PTP1B activity. This strategy integrates PEC and QCM modes and effectively avoids false-positive interference through dual-mode self-calibration. Moreover，by replacing the substrate，the developed sensing platform can be extended into a universal detection platform for protein phosphatases. Given the critical role of PTP1B in insulin signaling and metabolic diseases，this study provides a potentially reliable tool for related pathological research，drug screening，and clinical diagnosis.关键词：protein tyrosine phosphatase;enzyme activity;Photoelectrochemistry;quartz crystal microbalance;dual-mode detection66|32|0更新时间：2026-08-29 -
摘要：Single-cell RNA sequencing（scRNA-seq） provides unprecedented resolution for delineating cellular heterogeneity. However，conventional scRNA-seq approaches are bottlenecked by high cell loss rate，multicellular contamination，and high-cost. To address these limitations，we developed Well-Multi-seq，which integrates size exclusion and quasi-static hydrodynamics capture microfluidic chip and cholesterol-modified oligonucleotide tag labeling strategy. This approach enables scRNA-seq with high cell capture efficiency，low contamination，and low-cost. The microfluidic chip overcomes the Poisson distribution limit，achieving high bead（94%） and cell（74%） occupancy and high cell capture rate（87%），thereby significantly improving cell utilization. Leveraging the stable insertion of cholesterol molecules into cell membranes，sample-barcoded oligonucleotide strands are anchored onto the cell surface，allowing one-tube multiplexed sequencing of multiple samples. This strategy not only drastically reduces reagent costs and simplifies experimental workflows but also endows the system with the ability to identify and remove doublet contamination from the library. In mixed human-mouse cell line sequencing，the sample labeling accuracy of this method reaches 92.60%（human） and 95.28%（mouse），demonstrating its superior labeling specificity. Owing to its multiple advantages，Well-Multi-seq is particularly suited for multiplexed analyses of rare cell types such as circulating tumor cells and microneedle biopsy samples，as well as dynamic processes including drug screening and embryonic development，and is poised to become a powerful tool for basic research and clinical diagnosis.关键词：single-cell RNA-sequencing;microfluidic chip;sample multiplexing;cholesterol-modified tag75|28|0更新时间：2026-08-29 -
摘要：Traditional mass spectrometers are difficult to be applied directly to field or on-site analysis due to their large size，high power consumption，the need for a high vacuum environment and complex sample pretreatment. Herein，a lightweight，low-power，portable mass spectrometer has been developed，featuring the ability for on-site rapid detection. A small-sized continuous atmospheric pressure interface and a composite ion funnel structure were employed in this mass spectrometer，significantly enhancing the ion transmission efficiency and analytical stability. In terms of the mass-analysis，the sine-wave frequency scanning and quadrupole-enhanced dipole resonance excitation were combined，and a high-sensitivity detection within a wide range of quality has been achieved，while maintaining the resolution of unit mass（FWHM<1 Da）. In normal operation，the weight of the instrument is about 22 kg，with a volume of 44 cm -
摘要：A poly（neutral red）（PNR）/SnO2/FTO photoanode with a PNR/SnO2 type-II heterojunction structure was prepared by cyclic voltammetry electropolymerization of neutral red（NR） on a fluorine-doped tin oxide（FTO） electrode that had been cast-coated with hydrothermally synthesized SnO2. An Apt/GLD/PNR/SnO2/FTO photoanode was prepared after the Schiff base reaction among aminated kanamycin（KAN） aptamer（Apt），glutaraldehyde（GLD），and amino group-bearing PNR，and the signal attenuation photoelectrochemistry analysis of KAN was then realized on the basis of the steric hindrance effect induced by the specific KAN-Apt binding. Under the optimal conditions，the decline value of anodic photocurrent was linearly related to the common logarithm of KAN concentration from 0.01 nmol/L to 750 nmol/L，with a limit of detection（S/N=3） of 3 pmol/L. Satisfactory recoveries were obtained for the analysis of KAN in milk samples.关键词：Photoelectrochemistry;SnO2;poly（neutral red）;aptasensing;steric hindrance effect;kanamycin126|85|0更新时间：2026-08-29 -
摘要：Cell-free biosensing systems that perform signal reporting at the RNA level feature a simple system architecture and rapid response. However，the poor stability and susceptibility to degradation of RNA limit their application in complex environmental samples. This study proposes a novel cell-free biosensing strategy based on a paradigm shift of the signal carrier. By introducing the T7 RNA polymerase mutant QMF-M6，which efficiently utilizes dNTPs to synthesize single-stranded DNA，into a transcription regulation system centered on an allosteric transcription factor （aTF），we achieved the transition from an RNA signal carrier to a stable DNA reporter molecule，thereby significantly enhancing the robustness and anti-interference capability of the biosensing system. Experimental results demonstrate that this platform exhibits excellent detection performance for tetracycline and copper ions，with limits of detection reaching 0.62 μmol/L and 26 nmol/L，respectively，and shows good applicability in spiked recovery tests for copper ions in environmental water samples. In summary，this study proposes a DNA signal output strategy to overcome the instability of reporter systems，providing a feasible technical pathway for developing robust cell-free biosensing systems suitable for applications such as on-site monitoring and point-of-care testing.关键词：cell‑Free biosensing;allosteric transcription factor;T7 RNA polymerase;DNA58|29|0更新时间：2026-08-29 -
摘要：In this study，an antifouling electrochemical immunosensor based on a biomimetic composite interface was developed for the quantitative detection of Alzheimer's disease biomarker Aβ42. The sensor employs a red blood cell membrane-coated gold nanoparticle-modified electrode as the sensing interface and introduces a horseradish peroxidase probe to construct a unique sandwich-type immunoelectrochemical sensor. The red blood cell membrane effectively inhibits nonspecific protein adsorption in complex biological matrices，thereby reducing signal interference. Meanwhile，the high conductivity and large specific surface area of the gold nanoparticles improve the low electrical conductivity of the cell membrane，enhancing detection sensitivity. Experimental results demonstrate that in actual serum samples，the cell membrane-based antifouling layer effectively avoids signal distortion caused by protein adsorption and maintains stable and reliable response performance. Under optimal conditions，the sensor exhibits a good concentration response to Aβ42，with a linear detection range of 5-100 pg/mL and a detection limit as low as 2.1 pg/mL. This work combines biomimetic antifouling design with a nano-conductive enhancement strategy，providing a simple and efficient electrochemical sensing platform for early rapid detection of Alzheimer's disease and the precise analysis of markers associated with neurodegenerative disorders.关键词：Alzheimer's disease;Aβ42;electrochemical analysis;immunoassay;cell membranes biomimetic interface110|20|0更新时间：2026-08-29 -
摘要：Lung cancer cell viability detection is widely used in anticancer drug development. However，conventional detection methods can hardly meet the demand for continuous and dynamic monitoring. In this study，a novel label-free detection method based on microscopic imaging and deep learning is developed. We take the non-small cell lung cancer A549 cell line as the object and construct a dataset containing bright-field images and corresponding cell viability annotations. For the algorithm，a dual-branch multi-scale feature fusion network Enhanced-UNet is designed，which combines the detail recovery capability of UNet++ and the context modeling capability of DeepLabV3+. Spatial and channel squeeze-and-excitation and atrous spatial pyramid pooling modules are introduced to strengthen the extraction of detailed and global contextual features. The results show that the proposed model achieves a mean intersection over union（mIoU） of 0.762 3 and a mean dice coefficient（mDice） of 0.855 6 on the self-built dataset，with a prediction correlation coefficient r=0.912，outperforming five mainstream models including UNet，SegNet，FCN，PSPNet and LinkNet. Without chemical reagents，this method avoids interference to cell status and enables continuous and dynamic monitoring of A549 cell survival，providing a valuable reference for developing label-free lung cancer cell viability detection technology.关键词：cell viability detection;optical microscopy;lung cancer cells;deep learning50|29|0更新时间：2026-08-29 -
摘要：Protein kinase A（PKA） plays an important role in various biological processes，regulating cell signaling，proliferation，differentiation，and apoptosis. Monitoring and inhibiting PKA activity is of great significance in medical diagnosis and drug discovery. An electrochemical sensing platform was constructed based on DNA barcode and rolling circle amplification（RCA） signal amplification strategy for detection of PKA activity and its inhibitor screening. Gold nanocages/molybdenum disulfide（AuNCs/MoS2） composite was used as an electrode modified material. Peptide substrate strand was self-assembled on the surface of modified electrode（AuNCs/MoS2/GCE） by gold-sulfur bonds. Peptide substrate was phosphorylated at the terminal in the presence of PKA，which was further linked with DNA barcode-gold nanoparticles（DNA barcode-AuNPs） through a high specific affinity. The DNA of DNA barcode-AuNPs hybridized with circular template DNA to form a padlock probe in the presence of T4 DNA ligase，initiating the RCA reaction in the presence of phi29 DNA polymerase and dNTP. RCA product combined with hemin to form a G-quadruplex-hemin structure with mimic enzyme activity，producing enhanced electrochemical response signals and quantitative analysis of PKA activity. The linear response range of this electrochemical sensing platform for PKA activity analysis is 0.005-100 U/mL，with a limit of detection（LOD） of 1 mU/mL. This method could also be used to screen PKA inhibitors and analyze PKA activity in the lysates of human breast cancer cells（MCF-7） and liver cancer cells（HepG-2），providing a new technical method for kinase activity analysis and kinase-related drug screening.关键词：DNA barcode;rolling circle amplification;protein kinase;phosphorylation;electrochemical sensor218|516|0更新时间：2026-08-29 -
摘要：As an important category of extracellular vesicles，exosomes have extended their research scope from mammalian cells to the fields of plants and microorganisms，emerging as a novel focus for cross-species information communication and biomedical research and applications. However，the fundamental physical properties of exosomes from different biological sources，especially the heterogeneity in morphology and size，have not yet been systematically compared. In this study，transmission electron microscopy（TEM） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM） were employed to conduct multi-dimensional morphological characterization of nine types of exosomes derived from three distinct biological sources：cell sources（human bladder cancer cell lines EJ and 5637，human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells hUC-MSC）；plant sources（Camptotheca acuminata，Artemisia annua，Polygonatum odoratum）；microbial sources（Escherichia coli ATCC 25922，DH5α，Clostridium difficile）. TEM imaging and particle size statistical analysis revealed significant differences in morphology，average particle size，and distribution uniformity among the particles from different sources. SEM results further verified their three-dimensional morphological characteristics. This study establishes a morphological benchmark for the characterization of cross-species exosomes，and provides key physical parameters for understanding the similarities and differences in their biogenesis mechanisms and supporting their subsequent functional applications.关键词：exosomes;transmission electron microscopy;morphological characterization;particle size analysis;multi-source comparison67|33|0更新时间：2026-08-29 -
摘要：The Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction is a cornerstone strategy for C—C bond construction in organic synthesis，finding broad applications in the synthesis of pharmaceutical molecules and functional materials. Gold nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention owing to their unique catalytic properties；however，existing studies have predominantly focused on small-sized catalysts（<10 nm），while the application of large-sized Au NPs in this coupling reaction remains largely unexplored. Herein，by regulating the substituent structure，we successfully prepared large-sized Au NPs（70-80 nm） as efficient catalysts for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. Leveraging the superior localized surface plasmon resonance effect of the large-sized Au NPs，we combined surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy to in situ reveal the adsorption configurations of reactant molecules on the catalyst surface and to monitor the reaction kinetics in real time. This work not only expands the application scope of large-sized Au NPs in organic catalysis but also provides new insights into elucidating catalytic mechanisms through in situ spectroscopic techniques.关键词：Au nanoparticles;Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction;in situ SERS characterization48|18|0更新时间：2026-08-29 -
摘要：In this work，Au NPs modified poly（glycidyl methacrylate-ethylene dimethacrylate）（poly（GMA-co-EDMA-Au NPs）） monolithic capillary was further functionalized with L-cysteine（L-Cys），which exhibited good preparation reproducibility and chemical stability. Based on it，a method combining polymer monolithic capillary microextraction with on-line inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detection was developed for the analysis of transition metals in cell samples. Various factors affecting the extraction efficiency were investigated. Under the optimized conditions，the limits of detection were in the range of 0.45（Eu）-15.4（Cu） ng·L-1. The relative standard deviations were between 3.0%（Ce） and 9.3%（In）. HepG2 and SCC-7 cells were analyzed after ultrasonic wall breaking，and the content of target metals was found to be at fg-sub fg level per cell，with recoveries of 85.4%-114% in the spiked samples. The developed method merits low sample consumption，low detection limits and high sample throughput（10 h-1） with good application potential in the analysis of precious biological samples such as cells.关键词：polymer monolithic capillary microextraction;Au nanoparticles;trace elements;inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry;biological samples40|18|0更新时间：2026-08-29 -
摘要：The single-atom nanozymes（Fe-N-C SANs） were developed，featuring highly coordinated Fe-Nx active sites and structural defects within the nitrogen-doped carbon framework. These structural attributes significantly enhanced substrate mass transfer and catalytic kinetics，thereby conferring outstanding peroxidase-like（POD） activity. Compared with conventional Fe3O4 nanoparticles and natural horseradish peroxidase（HRP），the Fe-N-C SANs exhibited a broad operational range with respect to both pH and temperature. Moreover，their overall catalytic efficiency was substantially superior to that of Fe3O4，highlighting their potential as robust alternatives to traditional peroxidase mimics. Based on the ability of Fe-N-C SANs to catalyze the decomposition of H2O2 to generate ·OH，and leveraging the competitive reaction between ascorbic acid（AA） and ·OH，a colorimetric platform for AA sensing was successfully constructed. This platform achieved a low detection limit（LOD） of 0.87 μmol/L and exhibited good selectivity. Furthermore，the colorimetric sensing system retained over 80% of its relative activity after five consecutive cycles of use，demonstrating outstanding reusability. The developed colorimetric platform was successfully applied to the rapid assessment of total antioxidant capacity（TAC） in commercially beverages. This study provides a feasible approach for the on-site rapid evaluation of food antioxidant capacity.关键词：peroxidase-like activity;Fe-N-C single-atom nanozyme;total antioxidant capacity;colorimetric sensing51|22|0更新时间：2026-08-29
Scientific Papers
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摘要：Prostate-specific membrane antigen（PSMA） is specifically and highly expressed on the cell membranes of prostate cancer（PCa），serving as a key biomarker for the precise diagnosis and treatment of PCa. To date，diverse PSMA-targeted molecular probes with different imaging modalities have been developed based on magnetic resonance imaging（MRI），fluorescence imaging（FLI），positron emission tomography（PET） and other imaging techniques. This provides an efficient tool for the precise diagnosis of PCa. Our review systematically introduces the research progress of multimodal PSMA-targeted imaging probes including MRI，FLI or PET，and elaborates on their design principles，mechanisms and current applications in clinical diagnosis. Finally，we discuss the current challenges and perspective in PSMA-targeted molecular imaging probes.关键词：prostate cancer（PCa）;prostate-specific membrane antigen（PSMA）;molecular probes;magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）;fluorescence imaging（FLI）;positron emission tomography（PET）67|29|0更新时间：2026-08-29 -
摘要：Owing to their advantages such as high sensitivity and high specificity，nanopores possess irreplaceable superiority in the analytical detection of biomolecules，disease markers，and other targets，making them one of the research hotspots in biomedicine，materials science，and nanotechnology. The performance improvement of nanopores is directly related to surface modification，and precise spatial partitioning between the inner and outer surfaces can effectively enhance the performance of nanopore sensors. This paper focuses on the key research topic of the outer-surface functions of nanopores and presents a systematic review. It elaborates on the definition and connotation of outer-surface functions of nanopores，discusses the research progress in three aspects：the anti-interference function of the outer surface，the functional synergistic mechanism between the outer and inner surfaces，the independent regulation of detection performance by outer-surface probes. In addition，this paper presents viewpoints on the shortcomings of current research and provide prospects for future research direction，such as in-depth investigations into the synergistic mechanism of inner and outer surfaces，the influence of the functionalization of the inner and outer surfaces of two-dimensional materials on sensing performance of nanopore sensors.关键词：nanopore;sensor;outer surface;functional partitioning52|31|0更新时间：2026-08-29 -
摘要：Classical cell biology posits that glycosylation modifications occur exclusively on proteins and lipids. However，the discovery of glycoRNA has challenged this paradigm，expanding the research frontiers of glycobiology and RNA biology. This review systematically summarizes the discovery history and molecular compositional characteristics of glycoRNA，with particular emphasis on detection methodologies including metabolic labeling，chemical oxidation，proximity labeling，and mass spectrometry-based approaches. It summarizes the potential functions of glycoRNA in cellular communication，immune regulation，exosome-mediated transfer，and angiogenesis. Finally，it outlines future research directions centered on critical issues such as biosynthetic mechanisms，structural elucidation，and functional regulation，aiming to provide theoretical insights for the development of glycoRNA detection technologies and mechanistic studies.关键词：glycoRNA;metabolic labeling;proximity ligation assay;mass spectrometry;cell-cell communication106|45|0更新时间：2026-08-29 -
From Precise Isolation to Biomimetic Therapy：Biomedical Advances in Neutrophil-derived Vesicles AI导读
摘要：As core effector cells of innate immune system，neutrophils release extracellular vesicles（neutrophil-derived vesicles，NEVs） that hold great promise in intercellular communication，pathological mechanisms，and biomimetic drug delivery. However，the high heterogeneity of NEV populations and their coexistence with neutrophil extracellular traps（NETs） pose significant challenges for precise isolation and functional characterization. This review systematically summarizes the latest advances in high-precision separation and analysis technologies，ranging from classical differential centrifugation to emerging microfluidic chips，DNA nanostructures，and stimuli-responsive smart materials. Furthermore，it elaborates on engineering strategies，such as direct loading and membrane biomimicry，that endow NEVs with multimodal functionalities including chemotherapy，immunomodulation，and gene therapy. A comprehensive evaluation system for engineered NEVs is established，covering critical metrics like membrane marker retention and transmembrane migration capability. Finally，the therapeutic applications of NEVs in tumors，inflammatory diseases，and tissue regeneration are summarized. The review also critically analyzes the current bottlenecks regarding standardized mass production，loading efficiency，and safety assessment，providing a forward-looking perspective on the transition from“passive isolation”to“active manufacturing”for next-generation precision nanomedicine.关键词：neutrophils;extracellular vesicles;isolation and analytical technology;microfluidics chip;biomimetic nanodrugs47|24|0更新时间：2026-08-29 -
摘要：Drugs regulate biological processes by binding to target proteins. Characterizing drug and protein interactions is therefore critical for elucidating mechanisms of action，reducing toxic side effects，overcoming drug resistance，and advancing novel drug discovery. Conventional target identification methods often require chemical modification of drugs，which tends to disturb native binding interactions and produce false-positive results. Solvent-induced protein precipitation（SIP） is a label-free approach that enables high-throughput drug target screening by detecting protein stabilization induced upon ligand binding，offering distinct advantages including simple operation and broad applicability. In recent years，researchers have developed a series of SIP-derived methods，including SPP，solvent-PISA，iSPP，and the live-cell in situ technique SICFA，which have greatly improved throughput and system compatibility. This review systematically summarizes the fundamental principles，technological evolution，advantages，and limitations of SIP，and highlights its applications in target discovery and validation across cancer，Parkinson's disease，antimicrobial resistance，malaria，and other fields. We aim to provide a useful reference for precise target identification and innovative drug development.关键词：target protein identification;chemical modification-free ligand;proteomics;LC-MS/MS71|57|0更新时间：2026-08-29 -
摘要：Liquid-liquid phase separation（LLPS） serves as the fundamental mechanism underlying the formation of biomolecular condensates，and the quantitative characterization of their microscopic physical properties and material characteristics is crucial for understanding condensate function and regulation. This paper systematically reviews a comprehensive array of analytical techniques for dissecting the microscopic morphology，physical features，and molecular grammar of LLPS systems. For size and structural characterization，dynamic light scattering and small-angle X-ray/neutron scattering enable in situ monitoring of condensate nucleation，growth kinetics，and internal ordering； cryo-electron microscopy and cryo-electron tomography provide near-atomic resolution ultrastructural visualization of condensate interiors in their native hydrated state，while atomic force microscopy delivers nanomechanical information including Young's modulus and adhesion forces. Regarding dynamics and rheological characterization，microfluidic platforms coupled with fluorescence microscopy offer precise control over phase separation conditions and real-time tracking of condensate formation and maturation； fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and single-molecule tracking resolve the diffusion coefficients and mobility of individual molecules both within and outside condensates； fluorescence recovery after photobleaching quantifies the exchange dynamics and apparent viscosity of the condensed phase； optical tweezers enable direct measurement of interfacial tension，zero-shear viscosity，and fusion kinetics； micropipette aspiration provides complementary viscoelastic characterization； and particle-tracking microrheology probes the local mechanical environment inside condensates. For molecular conformation and weak intermolecular interactions，nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals residue-level structural ensembles and transient contacts that drive phase separation； Fourier-transform infrared，circular dichroism，and Raman spectroscopy resolve changes in protein secondary structure（α-helix，β-sheet，random coil） and identify the chemical nature of driving forces such as π-π stacking，hydrogen bonding，hydrophobic interactions，and cation-π interactions. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics approaches，including immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry，crosslinking mass spectrometry，and proximity labeling coupled with quantitative proteomics，systematically map the molecular composition and interaction networks of condensates. Fluorescence anisotropy and linear dichroism imaging probe the molecular orientation of amyloid fibrils and the ordered alignment of filaments within condensates. Furthermore，to address the electrochemical properties of condensate interfaces，ratiometric pH-sensitive fluorescent dyes and genetically encoded pH sensors quantify the proton gradients across condensate boundaries； membrane potential probes reveal condensate-induced changes in cellular membrane potential； zeta potential measurements via millisecond flashing electrophoretic separation，electrophoretic light scattering，microelectrophoresis，and microfluidic free-flow electrophoresis characterize condensate surface charge； and novel electrical sensing platforms based on graphene field-effect transistors enable direct detection of the electric double layer formed at condensate interfaces. In addition to experimental approaches，bioinformatic prediction tools and sequence-based algorithms facilitate the identification of phase-separating proteins，while multiscale molecular dynamics simulations，spanning all-atom and coarse-grained representations，provide complementary insights into the sequence determinants and thermodynamic driving forces of LLPS. The integrated application and cross-validation of these experimental and computational techniques provide robust support for constructing a comprehensive physicochemical picture of LLPS from the molecular to the mesoscopic scale.关键词：liquid-liquid phase separation;biomolecular condensates;membraneless organelles;analytical methods;single-molecule fluorescence;zeta potential;coarse-grained simulation55|25|0更新时间：2026-08-29 -
摘要：Chirality is one of the most fundamental intrinsic properties of the natural world. Chiral substances are not only inextricably linked to the origin of life and genetic information transmission，but their stereochemical features also directly determine the functional performance and application potential of related compounds. While researchers across diverse disciplines focus on distinct aspects of chirality science，the efficient isolation of enantiomers from racemates remains an indispensable prerequisite for all in-depth chiral studies. Enantiomers are a pair of chiral compounds with identical molecular formula but non-superimposable mirror-image stereochemistries，which exhibit drastically divergent physiological activities，metabolic pathways，pharmacokinetic profiles，and functional properties when interacting with the stereospecific microenvironment of complex biological systems in living organisms. Accordingly，the precise and scalable production of chiral compounds with ultrahigh optical purity，coupled with the development of reliable and highly sensitive analytical detection methods，has become a critical unmet demand across a wide range of high-tech fields，including modern pharmaceutical development，fine chemical manufacturing，advanced functional materials science，and cutting-edge translational biomedicine. In this review，we systematically summarize the mainstream technical approaches for obtaining enantiopure compounds，which mainly include well-established separation strategies such as direct and indirect racemate resolution，kinetic resolution，and dynamic kinetic resolution，as well as state-of-the-art asymmetric catalytic synthetic methodologies. We elaborate on the core working mechanism，latest research advances，distinct merits，and inherent limitations of each technical route. Meanwhile，we highlight the cutting-edge application progress of chiral functional materials in emerging fields，with a special focus on luminescence-based chiral sensing and biomedicine. Finally，we provide an outlook on the future development directions of this rapidly evolving field，aiming to provide a systematic and valuable reference for the further innovation and practical translation of high-performance chiral separation and analytical technologies.关键词：chiral separation;asymmetric synthesis;kinetic resolution;chiral chromatographic characterization;chiral functional materials35|26|0更新时间：2026-08-29 -
摘要：Paper-based sensors have been widely used for rapid detection of aquatic products safety，attributing to their advantages of low cost，easy operation，and portability. This reivew describes the fabrication methods of three types of paper-based sensors，namely dipstick paper chips，lateral flow paper chips，and microfluidic paper chips，as well as briefly introduces three sensing strategies：naked-eye readout，smart device-assisted sensing，and portable sensing devices. The research progress of paper-based sensors for the detection of various targets in aquatic products is reviewed，including heavy metal ions，agricultural and veterinary drug residues，illegal additives，biotoxins，pathogenic bacteria，biogenic amines and other contaminants. Finally，an outlook on future development directions is given with respect to the existing problems.关键词：paper-based sensor;rapid detection;food safety;aquatic product50|31|0更新时间：2026-08-29 -
Multivalent DNA Aptamer Sensors：from Nanostructure Design to Analysis of Complex Biological Samples AI导读
摘要：Biosensors play an indispensable role in clinical diagnostics，food safety analysis，and environmental monitoring，and the analytical application of DNA aptamers as signaling molecules in biosensors is rapidly evolving. However，when analyzing complex matrices and heterogeneous targets，traditional monovalent DNA aptamers often suffer from limited binding affinity and susceptibility to microenvironmental interference. In recent years，driven by the rapid evolution of structural DNA nanotechnology，multivalent DNA aptamer-based sensing strategies have emerged，offering a novel paradigm to overcome these technical bottlenecks. This review systematically summarizes the recent progress in high-performance biosensing strategies utilizing multivalent DNA aptamers. First，it delves into the core mechanisms by which multivalent nanoscaffolds precisely regulate interfacial spatial configurations，overcome steric hindrance，and significantly enhance target binding affinity via multi-site synergistic effects. Second，it systematically analyzes the pivotal role of multivalent systems within signal transduction and cascade amplification networks，elucidating their signal amplification mechanisms as clustering platforms for signaling molecules and dynamic reaction engines. Furthermore，this paper outlines the cutting-edge application paradigms of this technology across three mainstream sensing platforms—electrochemical，biomimetic，and optical—with particular emphasis on its exceptional analytical performance in profiling complex biological samples. Finally，this paper summarizes the core advantages and current challenges within this field，and explores its developmental potential in point-of-care testing（POCT） and intelligent integrated theranostic platforms，thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the construction of next-generation，high-performance biosensing platforms.关键词：multivalent DNA aptamer;biosensor;DNA nanotechnology;cascade signal amplification;complex biological samples56|20|0更新时间：2026-08-29 -
摘要：An ultramicroelectrode（UME） is defined as an electrode with at least one critical dimension below 25 μm. Offering advantages such as a high mass transfer rate，high spatiotemporal resolution，and negligible iR drop，it serves as a key device that bridges microscopic measurements and macroscopic signal output and has been widely applied in research fields including electrophysiology，electrochemistry，analytical chemistry and materials science. In recent years，the fabrication methods of UMEs，predominantly focusing on twin and hybrid dual-channel UMEs，have been continuously improved and expanded. These advancements not only improve the controllability，reproducibility，and stability of electrode fabrication，but also endow the electrodes with enhanced versatility to meet the demands of complex analytical scenarios，such as single-entity analysis，electrochemical imaging，and electrocatalysis research. This review summarizes innovations in fabrication methods，the expansion of scientific research and applications，and the advancement of theoretical frameworks related to UMEs in electroanalytical chemistry over the past two decades. In addition，it discusses the challenges facing UMEs and potential directions for future breakthroughs.关键词：ultramicroelectrode（UME）;preparation of electrode;twin and hybrid UMEs;applications54|30|0更新时间：2026-08-29 -
摘要：Mass spectrometry imaging（MSI） is a label-free，high-coverage，highly sensitive，and highly specific in situ molecular imaging technique that enables simultaneous acquisition of the spatial distribution of hundreds of compounds in a single tissue. MSI plays a significant role in clinical medicine and life sciences research. In recent years，desorption electrospray ionization（DESI） has emerged as a powerful MSI technique that allows for the direct analysis of various lipids and metabolites in tissues at atmospheric pressure，without the need for sample pretreatment or a matrix. However，DESI exhibits poor ionization efficiency for non-polar compounds and is susceptible to signal suppression caused by matrix effects from polar lipids and high concentrations of salts in the tissue section. Photoionization（PI） sources offer excellent soft-ionization characteristics，exhibit no polarity discrimination towards target molecules，and demonstrate strong resistance to matrix effects. The development of DESI/PI technology，integrating a PI source as a secondary ionizer for DESI，holds promise for achieving simultaneous high-sensitivity detection of polar and non-polar compounds in tissues. This paper introduces the principles and characteristics of MSI，the fundamental principles of the PI ion source，the development of DESI/PI technology，along with its multiple applications in oncology and cancer research，plant science，traditional Chinese medicine research，environmental pollutants，pharmacology. Future development trends of DESI/PI technology are also discussed.关键词：mass spectrometry imaging;photoionization;desorption electrospray ionization/postphotoionization;multiple applications87|26|0更新时间：2026-08-29
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