最新刊期
卷 45 ， 期 7 ， 2026
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摘要：Pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has become an important analytical technique for microplastics due to its advantages in polymer identification and mass quantification. However，in complex biological matrices，endogenous lipids can generate products identical or similar to those of target polymers during thermal analysis，thereby causing false-positive identification，quantitative bias，and uncertainty in data interpretation. This has become a key methodological issue limiting the further application of these techniques. This review systematically summarizes the chemical basis and sources of lipid interference，with particular emphasis on its effects on the detection of representative polymers such as polyethylene，polyvinyl chloride，and polystyrene. Current approaches for identifying and validating lipid interference，including multi-marker fragment-ratio verification，tandem mass spectrometric confirmation，and chemometric analysis，are also reviewed. On this basis，mitigation strategies such as pretreatment optimization，orthogonal validation，data fusion，and standardized quality-control frameworks are further summarized，and future directions for thermo-analytical detection of microplastics in complex biological matrices are discussed. This review aims to provide methodological guidance for the accurate identification and reliable quantification of microplastics in complex biological samples.关键词：microp lastics;lipid interference;pyrolysis;biological matrices;methodological validation1944|74|0更新时间：2026-07-15 -
摘要：In natural environments，the complete degradation of biodegradable plastics is often limited by temperature，humidity，light exposure，microbial communities，and polymer structures. As a result，biodegradable microplastics may form and accumulate，posing potential ecological risks. This review summarizes recent advances in the environmental degradation characteristics，enzymatic conversion mechanisms，and multilevel synergistic degradation systems of biodegradable microplastics. First，the major degradation stages of biodegradable microplastics from surface biodegradation，polymer depolymerization，release of oligomers and monomers to final mineralization are reviewed. Analytical techniques，such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy，scanning electron microscopy，gel permeation chromatography，and chromatography-mass spectrometry，are also summarized for their applications in degradation process characterization，product identification，and pathway elucidation. Second，the substrate-specific recognition mechanisms of degradation enzymes are discussed，with emphasis on the relationship between chemical bond cleavage and microbial metabolism. The synergistic roles of enzymes，microorganisms，and metabolic networks in the degradation process are further clarified. Further discussions are held on the effects of plastic crystallinity，molecular weight，additives，surface properties，as well as environmental factors and microbial community succession on degradation efficiency and product fate. Finally，it is recommended that future efforts focus on strengthening in-situ monitoring under real-world conditions，the identification of trace metabolites，multi-technique analytical approaches，and ecological risk assessments，with the aim of establishing a more precise system for characterizing degradation processes and conducting comprehensive evaluations. This review can provide reference for research on the environmental fate of biodegradable microplastics，the management of ecological risks，and the development of efficient and controllable degradation technologies.关键词：biodegradable plastics;microplastics;microbial degradation;degrading enzymes;degradation mechanisms414|68|0更新时间：2026-07-15 -
摘要：Nanoplastics are ubiquitously present in environmental media. Owing to their nanoscale particle size and exceptional ability to penetrate biological barriers，they pose a severe threat to ecosystems and human health. High-resolution and precise imaging of nanoplastics，as well as the elucidation of their interactions with biological interfaces，is the key to clarifying the environmental behavior and biological effects of nanoplastics. However，conventional optical imaging techniques are fundamentally constrained by the optical diffraction limit，which renders them incapable of resolving individual nanoplastics below 1 μm. Furthermore，the background interference originating from complex environmental and biological matrices further decreases the imaging signal-to-noise ratio（SNR），making it extremely challenging to achieve high-resolution and accurate imaging of nanoplastics in complex systems. Super-resolution optical imaging techniques can break through the optical diffraction limit and achieve nanoscale spatial resolution. They have emerged as pivotal tools for deciphering the interactions between nanomaterials and interfaces，and hold significant promise for precise tracking of nanoplastics. In view of this，based on the systematic collection and collation of relevant domestic and international literature，this paper categorizes super-resolution optical imaging techniques for nanoplastics into two major classes：fluorescence labeling-based super-resolution fluorescence microscopy and label-free super-resolution imaging techniques. It comprehensively reviews the advances of super-resolution optical imaging techniques in nanoplastics research and prospects their future development trends，with the aim of promoting the establishment of a super-resolution imaging detection system for nanoplastics and supporting the assessment and management of their environmental pollution risks.关键词：nanoplastics;environmental risk;high-resolution;super-resolution optical imaging470|60|0更新时间：2026-07-15 -
摘要：Genetically engineered bacteria can improve the biodegradation efficiency of microplastics（MPs） by directional modification of degrading enzymes，optimization of expression regulation and enhancement of metabolic pathways，providing new technical ideas for the treatment of refractory plastic pollution. This paper reviews the construction strategies and underlying mechanisms of genetically engineered bacteria designed to enhance the biodegradation of microplastics. It summarizes the major approaches for developing highly efficient degradation-engineered bacteria，including chassis host selection，mining and directed engineering of degradation enzymes，optimization of expression and secretion system，reconstruction of metabolic pathway，and enhancement of product assimilation. Recent progress in the degradation of polyethylene terephthalate（PET），biodegradable polyesters，and polyolefin MPs by engineered bacteria is summarized，and the differences among plastic types in enzymatic depolymerization and metabolic transformation are compared. Furthermore，the key molecular mechanisms underlying engineered-bacteria-enhanced degradation are discussed，including enhanced enzyme-MPs interfacial contact，improved polymer chain cleavage and depolymerization，promoted transport and assimilation of intermediates，and the construction of synergistic multi-enzyme or microbial consortia. Finally，this review highlights future directions，including the discovery of highly efficient degradation components，optimization of environmental adaptability of engineered bacteria，controllable release and biosafety design，and development of scalable reaction systems，providing theoretical and technological insights for the advancement of MP biodegradation and pollution remediation.关键词：microplastics;genetically engineered bacteria;biodegradation;enzyme engineering;degradation mechanisms431|80|0更新时间：2026-07-15 -
Definition Clarification and Detection Reliability Analysis of Environmental Micro/Nanoplastics 增强出版 AI导读
摘要：Waste polymer materials age and fragment in the environment under light，oxygen，moisture，and water-driven abrasion，generating micro- and nanoscale particles from plastics，rubbers，fibers，coatings，and other synthetic polymers. So，the concept of micro/nanoplastics can't cover all environmental polymer particles，and a broader analytical perspective is needed. For environmental samples，detection reliability can be affected at every workflow stage，including sampling，storage，etc. This article focuses on naturally collected and simulated aging samples，discussing target complexity and possible bias sources in detection results and comparing main reliability problems in the two sample types. For natural samples，main risks are external contamination（during sampling，transport，etc.），particle loss（during digestion，etc.），and misidentification（due to complex matrices and similar non-polymer particles），affecting both qualitative and quantitative analysis. For simulated aging samples，main limitations are aging representativeness（laboratory aging can't fully reproduce long-term environmental processes） and quantification of generated particles after aging（difficult to determine amounts and relative proportions）. These uncertainties may influence the interpretation of aging and release behavior. To improve detection reliability，quality control throughout the analytical process is needed，along with low-disturbance pretreatment and careful control of contamination sources. Standardized workflows should be developed for different environmental matrices and particle types，and multiple techniques should be combined for cross-validation. These measures can improve the comparability and credibility of detection results.关键词：microplastics;nanoplastics;natural aging;detection reliability359|54|0更新时间：2026-07-15 -
摘要：Micro- and nanoplastics（MNPs） have been detected in a wide range of food products，raising concerns about dietary exposure and potential risks to human health. Their analysis in food remains challenging because food matrices vary greatly in composition and complexity. Proteins，lipids，carbohydrates，minerals，pigments，and natural particles may interfere with particle separation，polymer identification，and quantification，thereby affecting the reliability and comparability of analytical results as well as the accuracy of exposure assessment. This review summarizes the key procedures for MNPs detection in food，including sample digestion，separation and enrichment，identification，quantification，and quality control. It further compares matrix-specific interferences and analytical strategies for representative food categories，such as drinking water and beverages，aquatic products，dairy products，fruits，plant-derived food，salt，and processed food. Current evidence indicates that the main challenge in food MNP analysis is to balance efficient matrix removal with satisfactory particle recovery while minimizing contamination and analytical bias. At present，most studies still focus on micrometer-sized particles，whereas the enrichment，identification，and quantification of nanoplastics remain major bottlenecks. Future efforts should develop combined pretreatments based on matrix composition，improve reference materials，blank controls，recovery evaluation，and standardized reporting，and thereby provide methodological support for source apportionment，dietary exposure assessment，and health risk evaluation of MNPs in food.关键词：micro- and nanoplastics;food matrices;sample pretreatment;identification and quantification;dietary exposure439|74|0更新时间：2026-07-15 -
摘要：Microplastics and nanoplastics（MNPs） represent an important class of emerging contaminants. It has been demonstrated that MNPs can be taken up by plant roots and transferred along the food chain，posing potential risks to ecosystem functions and agricultural product safety. However，the accurate detection of MNPs in plant tissues remains a critical methodological bottleneck that limits in-depth risk assessment. Drawing on the latest domestic and international research advances，this paper adopts“imaging，identification，and quantification”as the detection framework. From three key perspectives，namely morphological and spatial distribution imaging，chemical fingerprint identification，and quantitative analytical techniques，we systematically summarize the principles，sample preparation procedures，applications，and limitations of currently available methods for detecting MNPs in plants. On this basis，we propose three future research priorities. First，a multi-scale in situ imaging system spanning from the macroscopic to the nanoscopic level should be established，enabling full-scale in situ visualization of MNPs in plants，from millimeter-scale organ architectures down to nanoscale subcellular localization. Second，extraction and intelligent spectral methods for MNPs identification in plant tissues should be optimized by employing deep learning-based algorithms to precisely separate MNPs characteristic peaks from plant matrix signals. Third，accurate quantification methods for MNPs in plants from real-world environments should be developed. These advances will collectively provide critical detection and analytical techniques for advancing MNPs research in plants and for the rigorous risk assessment of agricultural product safety.关键词：microplastics;nanoplastics;plants;spatial distribution;chemical identification;quantitative analysis;detection technology376|72|0更新时间：2026-07-15 -
摘要：The widespread occurrence and potential ecotoxicity of micro/nanoplastics（MNPs） have aroused global concerns. The environmental behaviors and toxic effects of MNPs are not determined by pristine polymers alone，but predominantly regulated by dynamically formed corona structures on their surfaces. Risk assessment of aged MNP-corona complexes under environmentally realistic exposure scenarios still faces technical challenges and knowledge gaps. This review adopts bibliometric methods to summarize the current status，research hotspots and development trends of studies on MNP surface corona. It clarifies the core definitions of eco-corona and bio-corona associated with MNPs，and reveals their sequential replacement and dynamic interfacial evolution across different media. This work also systematically reviews state-of-the-art characterization techniques for analyzing the microscopic morphology and molecular composition of corona layers，and defines the application scope and limitations of each method. Furthermore，the influences of surface corona on the toxic effects of MNPs are summarized，with emphases on corona-mediated hormesis and the Trojan horse effect. By extending the protein corona theory of nanoparticles to the eco-corona in complex environmental matrices，this study aims to establish a unique theoretical framework for MNP interfacial science. It provides fundamental theoretical support and methodological guidance for environmental nanotoxicology，ecological risk assessment and plastic pollution control policies.关键词：micro/nanoplastics;bio-corona;eco-corona;characterization methods;toxicological effects492|58|0更新时间：2026-07-15 -
摘要：Phthalate esters（PAEs） are widely used plasticizers in plastic products and have received continuous attention and regulatory control due to their potential health risks. Although conventional detection techniques for PAEs are relatively mature，the applicability of analytical methods to plastic and microplastic release systems and different environmental matrices has not been systematically reviewed. This review focuses on analytical methods for PAEs in plastic and microplastic samples and environmental media，with emphasis on extraction，enrichment，cleanup，and detection techniques for different matrices. Plastic products and microplastics differ in sample morphology，specific surface area，aging degree，and environmental exposure history，leading to distinct release characteristics； therefore，PAE release behavior and the interpretation of analytical results should be differentiated. For plastic and microplastic samples，strong solvent extraction methods，such as Soxhlet extraction and accelerated solvent extraction，are used to characterize extractable contents or potential source strength，whereas static leaching，dynamic leaching，and solid-phase sink systems are used to simulate migration and release under specific conditions. For different environmental matrices，including soil，sediment，water，air/dust，and biological samples，sample preparation methods should be optimized according to matrix composition，occurrence forms of target compounds，and interference characteristics. In terms of instrumental analysis，GC-MS and GC-MS/MS remain the main techniques for quantifying parent PAEs，LC-MS/MS is more suitable for metabolites and some polar target compounds，and GC×GC-TOF-MS and high-resolution mass spectrometry can be used for screening alternative plasticizers，non-intentionally added substances，and unknown transformation products. Future studies should strengthen the comparison of pretreatment methods across multiple matrices，expand spectral profiling of alternative plasticizers and related additives，improve blank contamination control and isotope internal standard correction，and promote standardization of release experiments，thereby improving the accuracy and comparability of plasticizer analytical results in plastic and microplastic release systems and environmental media.关键词：（Micro）plastics;phthalates;release;analytical methods;quality control317|30|0更新时间：2026-07-15 -
摘要：The aging of microplastics in aquatic environments is significantly regulated by pH，yet the molecular level differences and the corresponding regulatory effects remain unclear. This paper systematically reviews the regulatory pathways of pH-driven microplastic aging，the differential aging characteristics under various pH conditions，the impacts of aging on the environmental behavior and ecological effects of microplastics，and the limitations of current analytical characterization techniques. Research indicates that pH can drive surface chemical evolution，release of additives and degradation products，and changes in diffusion and mass transfer of microplastics by modulating the interfacial reaction environment，the stability of polymer structures，and the processes of aging product migration and release. Specifically，acidic conditions favor the leaching of metal based additives； alkaline conditions more readily promote the release of organic additives and microplastic derived dissolved organic matter； neutral conditions are characterized primarily by synergistic aging mediated by minerals and organisms. The above processes further alter the transport and transformation of microplastics，their pollutant adsorption capacity，and their biotoxicity，and may also affect the carbon cycle in water bodies. On the basis of systematically summarizing these patterns，this paper identifies the current limitations of various characterization methods in molecular resolution，in situ dynamic monitoring，and multi-factor decoupling，thereby providing a reference for targeted future experiments and technological development.关键词：microplastics;pH;aging mechanisms;environmental behavior;analytical characterization bottlenecks361|32|0更新时间：2026-07-15
Reviews
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摘要：Microplastics（MPs） are typical particulate pollutants. Their ecotoxicity is closely linked to morphology，size，and surface characteristics. However，conventional mass based methods fail to capture these physical exposure features. This study proposes a toxicity analysis framework based on normalized MNP exposure metrics. It aims to evaluate ecological risk thresholds for aquatic organisms. A toxicity dataset was first compiled using oxidative damage as the representative endpoint. Mass concentrations were then converted into surface area，volume，and particle number concentrations via geometric transformation models. Predicted no effect concentrations（PNECs） were derived using species sensitivity distributions（SSDs）. Results show that surface area concentration better characterizes the interactions at biological interfaces than mass concentration. It also reflects the underlying toxic mechanisms more accurately. The PNEC derived from surface area was 2.26×10-² mm²/L. Based on this normalized threshold，most global water bodies currently remain at no or low risk levels.关键词：microplastics;oxidative damage;physical characteristic exposure;surface area concentration;species sensitivity distribution;ecological risk assessment326|37|0更新时间：2026-07-15 -
Spatial-Temporal Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Marine Microplastics in Macao 增强出版 AI导读
摘要：Based on 12 field surveys conducted in the coastal waters of Macao from 2022 to 2024，this study systematically elucidates the spatiotemporal distribution patterns，physicochemical characteristics，and ecological risks of microplastics（MPs） in the region. The results indicate significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity in MP pollution：larger MPs（0.3-5 mm） exhibited a mean abundance of （2.30±2.50） particles/m³，with hotspots concentrated in areas of intensive shipping and tourism，such as the inner harbor，reflecting strong point-source inputs. In contrast，smaller MPs（0.02-0.3 mm） displayed a mean abundance of （1.13±0.43） particles/L and a more extensive and uniform spatial distribution. Correlation analysis revealed a significantly positive correlation between the abundances of smaller and larger MPs，suggesting that the in-situ fragmentation of larger plastic debris is a key source of smaller particles in the marine environment. Polyethylene（PE） and polypropylene（PP） were the dominant polymer types，displaying a distinct size-dependent segregation：PE was primarily enriched in the larger size fraction，whereas PP dominated the smaller fraction. Ecological risk assessments indicated that although the overall pollution load index（PLI） remained at a low level，the potential ecological risk index（PERI） and polymer hazard index（PHI） reached extremely high values at specific spatiotemporal nodes. This reveals a unique "low abundance while high toxicity" pollution characteristic，underscoring the urgent need for the implementation of appropriate microplastic management measures.关键词：microplastic;ocean;Macao;ecological risk assessment404|35|0更新时间：2026-07-15 -
摘要：Plastic pollution has become a global environmental issue，and the occurrence and risks of microplastics（MPs） in farmland soils are receiving increasing attention. In this study，the Loess Plateau was selected as the research area，and a total of 847 topsoil samples were systematically collected from farmlands across 37 cities in seven provinces. The abundance，particle size，shape，and polymer composition of microplastics were analyzed using a combination of density flotation and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（ATR-FTIR），and the potential ecological risks of microplastics were assessed. The results showed that the abundance of microplastics in farmland soils of the Loess Plateau ranged from 360 to 10 692 items·kg-1，with an average of 1 913 items·kg-1，indicating significant spatial heterogeneity. The overall risk level for microplastics on the Loess Plateau is low，but according to the PLI assessment method，Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region are classified as medium risk；according to the PERI method，Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has reached the medium-risk level. This study provides a scientific basis for regional control of microplastic pollution in farmland soils and for the sustainable development of agriculture on the Loess Plateau.关键词：microplastics;Loess Plateau;farmland soil;spatial distribution;ecological risk447|32|0更新时间：2026-07-15 -
摘要：This study investigated the composition and additives in three typical types of biodegradable plastic products：mulch films，shopping bags，and meal boxes. Polymer types and inorganic fillers were identified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）. Small-molecule additives were extracted via a dichloromethane dissolution-methanol antisolvent precipitation method，followed by non-targeted screening using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS） and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF MS）. The results showed that mulch films and shopping bags were predominantly made of poly（butylene adipate-co-terephthalate）（PBAT），while also containing poly（butylene succinate）（PBS） or polylactic acid（PLA）. In contrast，meal boxes were primarily composed of PLA，with PBAT present in some samples. The predominant fillers identified in the samples were talc and calcium carbonate. A total of 33 additives were screened，spanning categories such as plasticizers，antioxidants，lubricants，and flame retardants.This method offers an effective approach for the screening of trace additives in biodegradable plastics.关键词：biodegradable plastics;chromatography;mass spectrometry;non-targeted screening;composition characteristics423|23|0更新时间：2026-07-15 -
摘要：Biodegradable polyesters such as poly（butylene adipate-co-terephthalate）（PBAT） may release microplastics during environmental aging and biodegradation，yet systematic approaches to correlate their microplastic release behaviors with structural evolution remain insufficient. In this study，PBAT films were selected as the research material，and a coupled system of ultraviolet（UV） aging and enzymatic degradation was established. A combined multi-analytical technique strategy was adopted to evaluate microplastic release characteristics and structure. The results revealed that cutinase exhibited a strong degradation effect on PBAT，with a mass loss rate of 63.5% after 7 days of treatment at a cutinase concentration of 1.0 mg/mL. For pristine PBAT，degradation primarily occurred via surface erosion，accompanied by a decrease in number-average molecular weight and an increase in surface roughness of residual solids. UV aging raised the surface oxygen content of PBAT from 19.5% to 23.3%，and induced oxidation，molecular chain scission，as well as cross-linking and branching reactions. Particle analysis further demonstrated that UV aging dramatically altered microplastic release patterns during enzymatic degradation. For unaged samples，the peak particle concentration reached approximately 2.23×10³ particles per 50 μL at around day 10，followed by a sharp decline. In contrast，PBAT samples subjected to 15-day UV aging still released up to 4.02×10³ particles per 50 μL in the late degradation stage（day 29），with the peak average particle size increasing to 998 μm. Accordingly，the release mode transformed from an early rapid burst release to a slow and sustained residual release. The proposed multi-analytical method can provide a technical reference for assessing microplastic release from biodegradable plastics during combined aging and degradation processes.关键词：PBAT;microplastics;particle size analysis;enzymatic degradation;UV aging360|44|0更新时间：2026-07-15 -
摘要：To elucidate the release and migration patterns as well as the ecological effects of ultraviolet absorbers（UVAs） from poly（butylene adipate-co-terephthalate） （PBAT） biodegradable mulch films in the soil-maize system，a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted using maize as the test crop. Three PBAT mulch film addition gradients（0.1%，0.5%，and 1% w/w） and a blank control were established to investigate the formation of microplastics（MPs） and the accumulation and migration of UVAs in soil and plants during PBAT degradation.The results showed that PBAT mulch films aged and fragmented in soil to form MPs，whose abundance increased significantly with increasing addition amount（p<0.05）. After 100 days of burial，the total release rate of UVAs from the mulch films reached 39.6%，and UVA concentrations in soil exhibited a clear gradient characteristic of T3>T2>T1. Maize could absorb UVAs and accumulate them in various tissues，with the accumulation levels following the order of root>stem>leaf. The migration pathway of UVAs was characterized as “mulch film release-soil enrichment-root uptake-selective translocation to aboveground parts”. In addition，PBAT addition treatment significantly reduced soil electrical conductivity（EC） and available phosphorus（AP） contents.This study demonstrates that the degradation of PBAT mulch films simultaneously generates MPs and releases UVAs，which can enter the crop system and pose potential ecological risks. Therefore，it is imperative to strengthen the environmental safety assessment of PBAT biodegradable mulch films.关键词：biodegradable mulch film;PBAT;ultraviolet absorbers;migration behavior466|42|0更新时间：2026-07-15 -
摘要：This study takes soils surrounding waste-to-energy incineration plants as a case and compares the detection capability and quantitative performance of pyrolysis/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（Py/GC-MS） and thermal desorption/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（TD/GC-MS） for six typical microplastics，including polyethylene（PE），polypropylene（PP），polystyrene（PS），polyethylene terephthalate（PET），polymethyl methacrylate（PMMA），and polyvinyl chloride（PVC）. The results show that Py/GC-MS exhibits significantly lower limits of detection （8.84×10-3-1.58×10-1 μg） than TD/GC-MS（2.06×10-1-5.02×10-1 μg），along with higher recoveries and better reproducibility for most microplastics. In environmental soil samples，both methods successfully detected microplastics. However，Py/GC-MS yielded higher mass abundance，ranging from 2.06 to 2.23 mg·g-1. Overall，both methods are effective for quantifying microplastic mass in environmental matrices，while Py/GC-MS demonstrates superior quantitative performance in complex matrices，providing a more robust basis for method selection and standardization.关键词：microplastics;waste incineration;Py/GC-MS;TD/GC-MS;soil548|40|0更新时间：2026-07-15 -
摘要：An automated detection method for microplastics was developed by combining deep learning object detection and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Microplastics were retained on a metal filter membrane，and suspected microplastics were identified and captured by an object detection model，followed by automatic Raman qualitative analysis after coordinate transformation. The results showed that the trained YOLOv8n-based microplastic object detection model exhibited precision，recall and mAP@0.5 all above 90%，with the mAP@0.5∶0.95 reaching 74%，indicating excellent performance in object localization and recognition. The established Raman spectral identification model for microplastics based on the optimized weight hit quality index（HQI） algorithm achieved 100% classification accuracy for seven types of microplastics. Automated detection of microplastics was realized by integrating the microplastic object detection model and the Raman spectral identification model. The size detection limit of the method was 100 μm. The spiked recoveries of microplastics in actual water samples were greater than 90% with relative standard deviations（RSDs） below 10%，demonstrating satisfactory accuracy and precision. This method could be used for the rapid，automatic and accurate detection of microplastics in water.关键词：automated microplastic detection;YOLOv8;deep learning-based object detection model;Raman spectral identification model414|222|0更新时间：2026-07-15 -
摘要：The adsorption behavior of microplastics（MPs） toward polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） and their derivatives determines the migration，fate，and combined ecotoxicity in the environment. Given that the adsorption selectivity and interaction mechanisms induced by structural differences in PAH substituents remain unclear，this study takes polyvinyl chloride（PVC） MPs as the research object. By combining macroscopic batch adsorption experiments with Fourier transform infrared（FTIR） spectroscopy and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy（2D-COS），the adsorption characteristics and molecular interaction mechanisms of PVC toward phenanthrene and its derivatives were systematically investigated. The results of macroscopic adsorption experiments show that the substituent structures of PAHs exert a significant effect on the equilibrium adsorption capacity of PVC. The adsorption process is dominated by chemisorption，and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model yields the best fitting effect. The adsorption behavior of PVC toward most pollutants conforms to the Linear model，whereas the Langmuir affinity coefficients of chlorophenanthrene and formylphenanthrene are notably higher，indicating the presence of specific interaction characteristics. Further 2D-COS spectral analysis revealed that the dominant mechanism for PVC adsorption of phenanthrene was Cl-π interactions between the side groups of PVC and aromatic rings. Substituents dynamically regulated the response priority of PVC functional groups through various interactions：methyl groups slightly adjusted the response sequence of aliphatic segments； aldehyde groups altered the adsorption pathway by forming C—H···O=C hydrogen bonds； chlorine atoms prioritized the response of C—H bonds via inductive effects and steric hindrance； and nitro groups drove conformational changes in the PVC main chain through strong field effects. This study provides a scientific theoretical basis for the ecological risk assessment of combined PAHs-MPs pollution in aqueous environments.关键词：polyvinyl chloride microplastics;phenanthrene and its derivatives;adsorption interaction mechanism;2D-COS380|27|0更新时间：2026-07-15 -
摘要：To investigate the effects of combined pollution from poly（lactic acid）（PLA） microplastics and cadmium（Cd） on soil carbon，nitrogen and phosphorus cycles and microbial nutrient limitation，this study conducted pot experiments，setting up single and combined treatments with different concentrations of PLA and Cd. Soil physicochemical properties，carbon，nitrogen and phosphorus contents，and relevant extracellular enzyme activities were measured after 30 and 60 days of cultivation. The dynamics of microbial nutrient limitation were analysed using an enzyme stoichiometric vector model. The results indicate that PLA induced significant time-dependent acidification of the soil，with this trend persisting under combined treatments. As an exogenous carbon source，PLA significantly increased soil organic carbon（SOC），with increases ranging from 5.26% to 26.32% at 30 days；under combined treatments at 60 days，SOC increases reached as high as 148.87% to 267.50%. Single treatments had no significant effect on total nitrogen（TN），but combined treatments resulted in a significant increase in TN of 20.00%-27.15%；the increase in total phosphorus（TP） was also further amplified under combined treatments. Concurrently，PLA caused the C/N and C/P ratios to increase continuously with rising concentration，reaching maximum values of 6.97 and 18.40，respectively，in the 60-day combined treatment. Regarding enzyme activity，Cd chronically inhibited carbon and nitrogen acquisition enzymes，whilst PLA induced high expression of lipase，with the high-concentration composite treatment at 60 days showing a 315.50% increase compared to the control. Vector modelling indicated that microorganisms were generally nitrogen-limited，reaching extremely high levels under the 60-day composite treatment；however，high-concentration PLA provided a continuous carbon supply during the later stages of cultivation，effectively alleviating carbon limitation.关键词：PLA microplastics;cadmium;stoichiometry;steady state;total C，N，P351|27|0更新时间：2026-07-15 -
摘要：Nile Red（NR） staining is widely used in the detection of microplastics（MPs） in environmental and food contact materials（FCMs）. However，due to the lack of standards for staining parameters and the low accuracy of polymer classification based on RGB fluorescence characteristics，its universality and data comparability have been hindered. This study aims to establish a standardized NR staining detection protocol. Tests were conducted on 20 pure/mixed solvents. HSV color models were established for fluorescence classification and quantification to evaluate their effects on the fluorescence intensity and Stokes shift of common polymers. The optimized scheme（acetone∶n-hexane 3∶1（by volume） as NR-carrier solvent，10 μg/mL，immersion staining） has a high fluorescence intensity and can successfully distinguish six common polymers，with a detection limit as low as 1.5 μm. This study provides a rapid and standardized method for the classification and quantification of microplastics，laying the foundation for the detection of environmental microplastics and the risk assessment of food microplastic intake.关键词：microplastics;Nile Red;HSV color model;fluorescence;food contact materials492|46|0更新时间：2026-07-15 -
摘要：Microplastic-arsenic combined pollution has become a research hotspot in environmental science. Biofilms formed on microplastic surfaces and their associated extracellular polymeric substances（EPS） can significantly modify the interfacial behavior of heavy metals. Sodium alginate（SA） and rhamnolipids（RLs） were selected as model polysaccharide and glycolipid components of biofilms，while polystyrene（PS） and polyethylene terephthalate（PET） were used as carriers. This study investigated the regulatory effects of arsenic speciation，salinity，and humic acid on arsenic adsorption by the model substance-microplastic systems. The results indicated that arsenic speciation was a key factor controlling microplastic adsorption：PS and PET exhibited the highest interfacial affinity for As（Ⅴ），while showing weak adsorption capacity for organoarsenic species. SA inhibited the adsorption of As（Ⅲ），As（Ⅴ），and monomethylarsonic acid（MMA） on both PS and PET，but enhanced the adsorption of arsenocholine（AsC） on PET. RLs promoted the adsorption of arsenobetaine（AsB） and AsC on both types of microplastics. Salinity experiments showed that the inhibitory effects of SA and RLs were strongest in ultrapure water group and diminished in tap water and seawater groups，which was attributed to electrostatic shielding effects caused by increased ionic strength. Humic acid effectively reversed the inhibitory effect of SA and RLs，leading to a recovery in arsenic adsorption on microplastics. Based on adsorption capacity and lethal concentration 50，a toxicity partitioning index（TPI） was constructed，indicating that the risk of toxicity enhancement for inorganic arsenic in the PS system was higher than that for organic arsenic. The addition of SA and RLs reduced the TPI values of inorganic arsenic. This study elucidates the differential regulatory mechanisms of polysaccharide and glycolipid components of EPS on arsenic adsorption by microplastics，providing a theoretical basis for refined risk assessment of microplastic-arsenic combined pollution in complex aquatic environments.关键词：microplastics;extracellular polymeric substances;arsenic speciation;toxic partitioning index360|31|0更新时间：2026-07-15 -
摘要：This study developed a novel method for the detection of micro/nanoplastics based on the combination of cloud point extraction（CPE） and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry（MALDI-TOF MS）. By optimizing parameters such as spotting methods，matrix types，and laser energy，the successful identification of polyethylene terephthalate（PET），polylactic acid（PLA），and polyamide（PA） micro/nanoplastics was achieved. In addition，MALDI-TOF MS was used to identify the microplastic components released from PET tea bags，and scanning electron microscopy was employed for auxiliary analysis of tea bag particles. This study provides a new method for the determination of micro/nanoplastics in liquids，further validating and promoting the application of MALDI-TOF MS in the field of micro/nanoplastic detection.关键词：micro/nanoplastics;cloud point extraction;MALDI-TOF MS;tea bags480|28|0更新时间：2026-07-15 -
摘要：To construct a standardized detection system for microplastics in airborne dust and clarify the applicable boundaries of mainstream detection technologies，this study systematically compared the core performance，data differences and applicable scenarios of Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy（μ-FTIR） and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （Py-GC-MS）. Taking actual airborne dust as research objects，the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods were analyzed through four verification tests after unified pretreatment. The results showed that μ-FTIR could realize non-destructive detection and accurately obtain microplastic morphology and polymer types，suitable for the qualitative analysis of large-size microplastics（>50 μm），but its detection rate for ultra-fine microplastics（<20 μm） was only 18.6% with weak anti-interference ability. Py-GC-MS was not limited by particle size and morphology，with a full-size detection rate of over 90% and excellent quantitative accuracy and stability，which was suitable for complex aged samples，but it could not obtain morphological information and distinguish structurally similar polymers. In actual sample detection，the dominant microplastic components（PE，PP，PET） identified by the two methods were highly consistent，while the particle abundance and mass concentration were only moderately correlated（R²=0.724） and could not be directly converted due to differences in particle size distribution and polymer density. In conclusion，the two methods have complementary advantages. The standardized combined application can realize the comprehensive characterization of "morphology-composition-mass" of microplastics in airborne dust，providing technical support for the standardization of microplastic detection，pollution traceability and risk assessment.关键词：airborne dust;microplastics;μ-FTIR;Py-GC-MS;method comparison;detection standardization346|24|0更新时间：2026-07-15
Scientific Papers
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