最新刊期
卷 45 ， 期 10 ， 2026
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摘要：In this study，a method was established for the simultaneous determination of short-，medium-，and long-chain chlorinated paraffins（SCCPs，MCCPs，and LCCPs） in soil using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC-Orbitrap HRMS） for highly sensitive detection. The method is based on a pretreatment procedure involving ultrasonic extraction and multi-layer silica gel column cleanup，coupled with optimization of the extraction solvent type，volume，and extraction frequency. Soil samples were subjected to ultrasonic extraction with a dichloromethane/n-hexane mixture，followed by multi-layer silica gel column cleanup，elution with dichloromethane/n-hexane，and constant-volume adjustment prior to UPLC-Orbitrap HRMS analysis. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Hypersil GOLD VANQUISH C18 column，and mass spectrometric detection was conducted via a heated electrospray ionization（H-ESI） source in the negative ion mode under full-scan acquisition. SCCPs and MCCPs exhibited good linearity over the range between 10-5 000 ng·mL-1，and LCCPs exhibited good linearity over the range between 10-1 000 ng·mL-1，with correlation coefficients（r2） greater than 0.98. The method detection limits（MDLs） for SCCPs，MCCPs，and LCCPs were 18.9，19.7，and 2.06 ng·g-1，respectively. The average recoveries of CPs at low，medium，and high spiked concentration levels ranged between 75.6%-116%，80.5%-99.3%，and 93.1%-109%，with relative standard deviations（RSDs） of 2.2%-9.3%，3.6%-6.5%，and 1.8%-4.6%，respectively. The developed method was applied to analyze CPs in 11 soil samples collected from a typical rubber industrial park. The detection frequencies of SCCPs，MCCPs，and LCCPs were all 100%，with concentration ranges between 48.5-2 490 ng·g-1（mean 682 ng·g-1），82.3-4 090 ng·g-1（mean 1 560 ng·g-1），and 10.7-809 ng·g-1（mean 242 ng·g-1），respectively. MCCPs were identified as the predominant congener group，accounting for 62.7% of the total CPs. This method exhibits good reproducibility and high sensitivity，enabling efficient extraction and accurate quantification of CPs in soil，and can serve as a viable analytical option for environmental monitoring and risk assessment.关键词：chlorinated paraffins（CPs）;soil;ultrasonic extraction;ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC-HRMS）53|41|0更新时间：2026-10-14 -
摘要：To align with the development trend of green analytical chemistry，this study adopted built-in pure-water electrolysis hydrogen generation technology，and utilizing an unattended mode established a novel analytical method for mercury speciation determination using liquid chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry（LC-AFS）. The experimental results revealed good linearity of the mercury species concentrations in the range of 0-100 μg/L，with correlation coefficients（r） exceeding 0.999. The inorganic mercury，methylmercury，and ethylmercury detection limits were 0.005，0.004，and 0.004 mg/kg，respectively. The methylmercury determination sensitivity was significantly improved compared with that of traditional LC-AFS. The recoveries at different concentration levels ranged from 81.0% to 107%，and the relative standard deviations were less than 5%. The mercury speciation determination results for the certified reference materials，namely，tuna（ERM-CE464） and fish muscle（GBW10029），were both within the range of the certified standard values. Certain deep-sea fish have been shown to contain high levels of methylmercury，which emphasizes the food safety concerns associated with methylmercury in carnivorous fish. Compared with the currently mainstream traditional LC-AFS method for mercury speciation determination，the proposed method significantly reduced the usage of hydrochloric acid，potassium borohydride，and potassium persulfate，and decreased the waste-liquid generation. Additionally，this technique employed a unique concentric-structure semi-shielded rectangular tube，which effectively prevented fluorescence quenching while substantially reducing the argon-gas consumption. Overall，the proposed method is highly sensitive and accurate and suitable for the analysis and determination of mercury speciation in fish aquatic samples. Moreover，this method constitutes a low-cost and environmentally-friendly mercury speciation analysis technique.关键词：liquid chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry;built-in controllable online electrolysis for hydrogen generation;mercury speciation;fish aquatic products63|49|0更新时间：2026-10-14 -
摘要：This study established a novel method for the simultaneous determination of 23 perfluoroalkyl substances（PFASs） in surface water，groundwater，seawater，domestic sewage，and industrial wastewater by combining online solid-phase extraction with large-volume injection technology and high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（HPLC-MS/MS）. Water samples were prepared for analysis by mixing them with methanol and ammonium acetate（final concentrations：10% methanol and 2 mmol/L ammonium acetate），after which they were filtered and directly injected. Following online enrichment on a WAX column，the analytes were transferred to a C18 analytical column and separated within 14 min by gradient elution using acetonitrile-2 mmol/L ammonium acetate as the mobile phase. The PFASs were detected by tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring（MRM） mode and were quantified using the isotope internal standard method. The 23 target PFASs exhibited good linearity in the range of 0.50-100 ng/L，with all correlation coefficients（r） exceeding 0.998，and detection limits ranging from 0.05 to 0.42 ng/L.The spiked recoveries of 23 target PFASs were 78%-118%，with relative standard deviations of 2.5%-15%. The developed method was used to analyze 14 real water samples collected in Liaoning Province，including surface water，groundwater，seawater，and the effluent of a wastewater treatment plant. Eleven PFASs were detected，with PFBA，PFPeA，PFHxA，PFOA，PFBS，and PFOS being the predominant contaminants. Compared with conventional offline solid-phase extraction methods，this method requires small water samples（only 5 mL） and features a high degree of automation in terms of sample pretreatment. This green analytical technique has several advantageous features：low sample consumption，low solvent usage，broad detectable target spectrum，high analytical efficiency，and excellent environmental compatibility. The new method provides a simple，rapid，and accurate analytical tool for routinely monitoring legacy and emerging PFASs in different types of water environments.关键词：online solid-phase extraction;large-volume injection;high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry;per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances;water63|25|0更新时间：2026-10-14 -
摘要：To meet the need for the simultaneous determination of three brominated flame retardants in soil，namely tetrabromobisphenol A-bis（2，3-dibromo-2-methylpropyl ether）（TBBPA-DBMPE），decabromodiphenyl ethane（DBDPE），and hexabromocyclododecane（HBCD），this study compared the extraction efficiencies of accelerated solvent extraction and ultrasonic extraction，optimized the extraction solvent and purification conditions of the composite silica-gel column，and further optimized the chromatographic and mass spectrometric parameters based on the separation performance and mass spectrometric responses of the target analytes，thereby developing an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry（UPLC-MS/MS） method for the determination of TBBPA-DBMPE，DBDPE，and the three major diastereoisomers of HBCD in soil. In the concentration range of 2-500 ng·mL-1 for TBBPA-DBMPE and HBCD and 10-2 500 ng·mL-1 for DBDPE，the linearity exhibited correlation coefficients（r2）>0.999. When the soil sample mass was 20 g and injection volume 5 μL，the detection limits of the method were 0.004-0.02 ng·g-1，and the quantitation limits were 0.02-0.05 ng·g-1. At the spiked levels of 0.1，0.5，and 1.0 ng·g-1 for TBBPA-DBMPE and HBCD，and 1，5，and 10 ng·g-1 for DBDPE，the recoveries of TBBPA-DBMPE，DBDPE，and HBCD were 103%-114%，103%-118%，and 73.3%-118%，respectively，with relative standard deviations of 7.1%-7.9%，5.7%-9.7%，and 5.8%-16%，respectively. The proposed method was used to analyze four surface-soil samples collected around a brominated flame-retardant production enterprise in Shandong Province. The concentrations were <0.05-16 ng·g-1 for TBBPA-DBMPE，52-85 ng·g-1 for DBDPE，and 24.4-120.4 ng·g-1 for HBCD. This method is sensitive and reproducible，and suitable for the quantitative trace analysis of brominated flame retardants in environmental soil samples.关键词：brominated flame retardants;soil;TBBPA-DBMPE;DBDPE;HBCD;UPLC-MS/MS40|12|0更新时间：2026-10-14 -
摘要：An analytical method was established for the simultaneous determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） and 31 n-alkanes in soil with a high petroleum hydrocarbon background by column‑free matrix solid‑phase dispersion-assisted pressurized fluid extraction coupled with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（CFMSPD-PFE/GC-MS/MS）.Using single‑factor experiments，the optimal ratio of matrix solid‑phase dispersant（silica gel adsorbent） to sample was determined to be 0.5∶1-2∶1. Using an L₁₆（4⁴） orthogonal experiment，the optimized pressurized fluid extraction parameters were set as follows：extraction solvent：n‑hexane/acetone mixture（2∶1，volume ratio），extraction temperature：100 ℃，static extraction time：5 min，and number of extraction cycles：2. The results indicate that PAHs and n-alkanes have favorable linearity within the concentration ranges of 1.0-250 μg/L and 10-2 500 μg/L，respectively，with correlation coefficients r≥0.995 4. The limits of detection were 0.08-0.31 μg/kg and 1.07-3.19 μg/kg，while the corresponding limits of quantification were 0.32-1.24 μg/kg and 4.28-12.8 μg/kg. The average recoveries at three spiked concentration levels ranged from 77.1% to 111%，with relative standard deviations of 2.4-13%. The developed method was applied to the determination of 30 soil samples with petroleum hydrocarbon contents of 865-2 286 mg/kg. The mass concentrations of PAHs and n-alkanes were in the ranges of 2.93-1.50×105 μg/kg and 20.8-5.76×103 μg/kg，respectively. With the advantages of simple operation，short pretreatment procedure，and high sensitivity，the method proposed herein is suitable for the simultaneous analysis of 16 PAHs and 31 n-alkanes in soil with high petroleum hydrocarbon background.关键词：column-free matrix solid-phase dispersion;pressurized fluid extraction;gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry;soil;polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons;n-alkanes58|30|0更新时间：2026-10-14 -
摘要：Online solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry was established to simultaneously determine 28 pesticide residues in drinking water. Three solid-phase extraction cartridges，namely，hydrophilic-lipophilic balance（HLB），C18，and weak anion exchange（WAX），were compared based on adsorption mechanisms，and HLB was identified as the best extraction cartridge. Extraction parameters were optimized via single-factor experiments，and the optimal conditions were determined as follows：water sample pH：5.0，sample loading volume：10 mL，sample loading flow rate：2 mL/min，and elution with 90% acetonitrile-2 mmol/L ammonium acetate-0.1% formic acid solution at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The methodological validation results showed that the 28 target compounds exhibited good linearity within the range of 0.025-10 μg/L（r≥0.997 9），with the limits of detection and quantification being 0.003-0.010 μg/L and 0.012-0.040 μg/L，respectively. Recoveries at three spiked levels ranged from 80.3% to 114%，with relative standard deviations of 1.4%-14%. The method was applied to analyze 20 drinking water samples. Acephate，bentazone，2，4-D，acetochlor，and chlorantraniliprole were detected at relatively high concentrations，whereas the other target analytes were observed at low concentrations. This sensitive and accurate method is suitable for the simultaneous analysis of 28 pesticide residues in drinking water.关键词：online solid-phase extraction;liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry;drinking water;pesticide residues;multiresidue determination83|27|0更新时间：2026-10-14 -
摘要：To achieve rapid screening and accurate identification of illegal additions and controlled drugs in multi-scenario applications，a rapid detection method based on atmospheric solids analysis-probe single-quadrupole mass spectrometry（ASAP-MS） was developed in this study. Focusing on antibiotics，glucocorticoids，anesthetics，antifungal agents，psychotropic substances，and novel psychoactive substances，this study optimized the cone voltage parameters to acquire characteristic mass spectral information for each target compound under various voltage conditions，establishing an ASAP-MS rapid-detection database covering 111 target compounds. Library matching between the sample mass spectra and the in-house database was performed using LiveID software，and the screening results were further verified using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Application of this method successfully identified target compounds such as lidocaine and diazepam in real samples，including disinfectant products and samples seized by law enforcement. This method requires facile sample pretreatment，offers high analytical efficiency，and allows flexible database expansion. This enables the rapid screening of large sample volumes and meets the detection requirements of public safety fields，such as market regulation，customs inspection，and drug control enforcement，demonstrating its good application value and broad potential for promotion.关键词：ASAP-MS;illegal additions;controlled drugs;rapid detection;public safety40|16|0更新时间：2026-10-14 -
摘要：The O 1s XPS binding energy is a key indicator for identifying oxygen chemical environments in inorganic materials with broad applications in energy materials，catalysis，and synthesis monitoring. However，the cross-system peak assignment relies heavily on extensive validation experiments. In this study，we developed a composition-driven machine learning framework based on O 1s binding energy data from 514 oxygen-containing inorganic compounds. This framework exclusively uses chemical formula inputs for low-cost pre-experimental peak-position estimation and trend assessment. Using the original compositional descriptors，the Gradient Boosting model achieved a test MAE of 0.505 eV. After introducing physically inspired descriptors，including the cation field strength and transition metal fraction，the MAE decreased to 0.481 eV and R2 increased to 0.716. The mean cation radius was identified as a key variable，a finding further supported by the XPS measurements of Ca14Mg5M4O25（M=Al，Sc，Y）. For the paired salt/oxide systems，the model predicted the relative chemical shifts with an MAE of 0.339 eV and a R2 of 0.822. This method provides a low-cost and interpretable auxiliary reference for XPS analysis of complex oxygen-containing inorganic materials.关键词：green and efficient analysis;X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy;chemical shift;machine learning;compositional descriptors50|41|0更新时间：2026-10-14 -
摘要：Current aviation jet fuel specifications only prescribe basic technical indicators，thus creating a regulatory gap because they cannot effectively distinguish between conventional petroleum-derived sources，bio‑based sources，or their blends. To address this issue，a stepwise identification strategy comprising component screening，rapid physicochemical qualitative analysis，and bio-based carbon content confirmation is proposed for the attribute identification of hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids synthetic paraffinic kerosene （HEFA-SPK）. First，gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is performed to screen the carbon number distribution；samples outside the typical aviation fuel range （C6-C17） are excluded. Subsequently，rapid qualitative discrimination is achieved based on density and aromatic content，supplemented by distillation range and flash point as auxiliary parameters for a comprehensive evaluation. Finally，bio-based carbon content serves as the key evidence：a measured content above 97.0% identifies HEFA-SPK，while a value below 0.5% indicates petroleum-based jet fuel. For intermediate blending ratios （1%-30%），a stepwise regression approach is employed to develop a predictive model for the blending ratio of bio-based fuel，and the model is validated via a paired t-test. Results show that the linear regression model based on flash point，distillation range，and biogenic carbon content accurately predicts the blending ratio （R²>0.99），thus providing reliable technical support for the quality supervision and source identification of bio-based aviation fuel.关键词：hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids synthetic paraffinic kerosene （HEFA-SPK）;attribute identification;biogenic carbon content;blending ratio41|10|0更新时间：2026-10-14 -
摘要：To meet the demand for rapid on-site screening of aflatoxin B1（AFB1） in cereal products，a time-resolved fluorescent microsphere-based lateral flow immunoassay（TRFM-LFIA） technique was developed using a specific monoclonal antibody. Key experimental parameters，including the pH for antibody labeling，antibody concentration，and coating antigen concentration，were optimized systematically. The fluorescent microsphere-labeled antibody probe was pre-coated onto the conjugate pad，enabling rapid detection of AFB1 in cereals within 10 min，including sample preparation. Under the optimized conditions，the proposed TRFM-LFIA exhibited a linear detection range of 0.05-10.00 μg/L for AFB1，with a limit of detection（LOD） of 1.30×10-2 μg/L in buffer solution. No significant cross-reactivity was observed with four common mycotoxins，including ochratoxin A and fumonisin B1. The results obtained using the method proposed herein were in good agreement with those obtained using the isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry reference method，with a coefficient of determination of 0.991 8. Owing to its rapidity，sensitivity，and accuracy，the developed TRFM-LFIA technique is suitable for application in on-site，high-throughput screening of AFB1 in cereal products and provides robust technical support for food safety risk monitoring.关键词：aflatoxin B1;rapid detection;grain products;fluorescent lateral flow immunoassay;time-resolved fluorescent microspheres76|26|0更新时间：2026-10-14 -
摘要：Magnesium-based desulfurizers were prepared using a two-step process of hydrothermal synthesis and calcination. The effects of hydrothermal conditions（temperature 120-180 ℃，time 6-18 h） and calcination temperature（300-600 ℃） on the material structure and SO2 adsorption performance were investigated. Flaky Mg（OH）2 obtained by hydrothermal treatment at 150 ℃ for 12 h was converted into nano-MgO after calcination at 400 ℃. This nano-MgO exhibited a specific surface area of 94.7 m2/g，a mesoporous content of 78.6%，a negative shift of 0.4 eV in the Mg-O bond energy，a medium-strong base site density of 1.94 mmol/g，and an apparent activation energy of 36.2 kJ/mol. The optimized sample showed a breakthrough time of 198 min at 350 ℃ and a saturated sulfur capacity of 38.6%，representing improvements of 128% and 79%，respectively，compared to commercial MgO. The SO2 adsorption process follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and is dominated by chemisorption. The mesoporous structure enhances the mass transfer efficiency，and the sulfur capacity retention rate is 82.3% after 10 cycles. This study lays the theoretical foundation for the directional design of high-efficiency magnesium-based desulfurization materials.关键词：magnesium-based desulfurizer;structural evolution;hydrothermal synthesis;SO2 adsorption;mesoporous structure54|18|0更新时间：2026-10-14 -
摘要：The headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was established to quantitatively determine 12 volatile organic compounds（VOCs） in whole blood. Critical parameters，including the amount of dimethyl sulfoxide（DMSO） used as a cosolvent，sodium chloride addition，incubation temperature，and incubation time，were optimized. The optimal experimental conditions were as follows：2 400 mg of DMSO was added as the co-solvent，the blood sample was diluted threefold，1.5 g of sodium chloride was added，the headspace incubation temperature was set to 75 ℃，and the incubation time was 30 min. Separation was performed on an HP-PLOT/Q capillary column（30 m×0.32 mm×0.32 μm），and detection was performed in selected ion monitoring mode. The target analytes were well-separated，and accurate quantitative results were obtained. The method validation showed that the 12 VOCs exhibited good linearity within the tested concentration range，with the correlation coefficients（r2） exceeding 0.99. The limit of detection ranged from 2 to 56 ng/mL. The average recoveries at different spiked levels ranged from 86.1% to 111%，with relative standard deviations of 1.1%-9.6%. The developed method is simple and rapid and provides reliable qualitative and quantitative results，making it suitable for determining VOCs in whole blood.关键词：headspace injection;gas chromatography-mass spectrometry;volatile organic compounds;blood110|29|0更新时间：2026-10-14 -
摘要：Polar pesticides significantly influence agricultural production，with herbicides such as glyphosate being among the most widely used pesticides in China. The widespread use of these polar pesticides in the agricultural and non-agricultural sectors has led to the accumulation of their active ingredients and metabolites in water bodies，soil，crops，food，and even living organisms. Because of their unique structural characteristics，highly polar pesticide residues exhibit virtually no retention on reverse-phase chromatography columns，thereby posing certain analytical challenges. Therefore，a simple，rapid，and sensitive method to detect multiple residues of highly polar pesticides is urgently required. In this study，an effective pretreatment method was developed to detect eight polar pesticides in mangoes，bananas，wax apples，and water celery. Accelerated solvent extraction（ASE） was employed to prepare pollen-based purification material（S-Pollen） with hydrophilic adsorption capabilities. Subsequently，the spore powder purification material was characterized using electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that a unique combination of chemical functional groups formed during the preparation of the spore powder material，and the material met the requirements for subsequent validation. This study innovatively combines spore powder purification materials with self-assembled needle-type SPE（Needle-SPE） for sample preparation. The experimental parameters affecting extraction efficiency were optimized and applied to fruit and vegetable matrix samples. The experimental results indicate that the S-Pollen-（Needle-SPE） method can effectively reduce the use of organic solvents while saving time and labor costs. The combination of the S-Pollen（Needle-SPE） pretreatment technique with liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry demonstrated good precision（intra-day precision ≤4.1%，inter-day precision ≤7.0%） and high sensitivity（limit of quantification（LOQ）：10-50 μg/kg）. Validation results demonstrated excellent linear relationships（r²>0.99） for the eight compounds within their respective linear ranges. The mean recoveries of the eight compounds at 1-，2-，and 10-fold LOQ spiking levels were 73.3%-116%，with relative standard deviations（n=6） less than 8.0%. This method was successfully applied to analyze 20 batches of commercially available tropical fruit and vegetable samples，with residues of four polar pesticides detected in the matrices at concentrations ranging from 37.4 to 91.2 μg/kg. Thus，the pretreatment method offers advantages in sensitivity，accuracy，and selectivity，thereby serving as a reference for samples from other fruit and vegetable matrices.关键词：polar pesticides;LC-Q-TOF-MS;S-pollen;Needle-SPE;tropical fruits and vegetables35|16|0更新时间：2026-10-14 -
摘要：A photoelectrochemical（PEC） sensor employing titanium dioxide/carbon nanotube（TiO2/CNT） composites as photoelectroactive probes was developed for the rapid quantitative determination of chlorophyll（Chl） in plants. The TiO2/CNT composite probes were prepared by ultrasonic mixing，and their morphology，structure，and photocurrent response were systematically investigated. Using fluorine-doped tin oxide（FTO） conductive glass as the substrate，the PEC sensing electrode was fabricated by modifying the FTO surface with the prepared TiO2/CNT probes. The photocurrent response toward varying concentrations of Chl was investigated to evaluate the analytical performance of the developed PEC sensor. The results showed that the one-dimensional CNTs were intertwined across the surfaces of multiple spherical TiO2 nanoparticles，forming a continuous interconnected composite structure. The high electrical conductivity of the CNTs facilitated the separation and transport of photogenerated charge carriers in TiO2，enhancing the photocurrent response. Owing to the coordination interactions between the C=O groups in Chl molecules and Ti4+ on the TiO2 surface，combined with the photosensitization properties of Chl，the PEC sensor showed a linear response to Chl concentrations of 10.0-500.0 µmol/L while exhibiting satisfactory selectivity，stability，and reproducibility. The detection limit was 5.3 µmol/L. Moreover，the applicability of the proposed PEC sensor was evaluated by determining Chl in spinach samples，and the results were consistent with those obtained by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry，providing a novel analytical approach for the rapid quantification of Chl in plant samples.关键词：chlorophyll;titanium dioxide;carbon nanotubes;photoelectrochemical sensing36|28|0更新时间：2026-10-14 -
摘要：This study constructed a hydrophobic interface-surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy（SERS） detection platform based on a porous surface infiltration method and investigated the formation process of three-dimensional silver nanoparticle hotspots on this platform through computational simulations. The surface infiltration conditions and detection parameters were optimized in detail，including an infiltration time of 30 min，a heating voltage of 4.0 V，a laser power of 20%，and a volume ratio of substrate solution to analyte solution of 1∶5. Then，a rapid analytical method for trace thiram in fruit and vegetable samples was established with a linear range from 0.05 to 2.0 μmol/L and a limit of detection（LOD） of 0.02 μmol/L. In the rapid analysis of real fruit and vegetable samples，the spiked recoveries ranged from 89.2% to 113%，and relative standard deviations ranged from 2.1% to 7.0%（n=3）. These results indicate that the established method is sensitive and accurate，and suitable for the rapid analysis of trace thiram in fruits and vegetables.关键词：hydrophobic interface-SERS platform;fruits and vegetables;thiram;rapid analysis136|303|0更新时间：2026-10-14 -
摘要：Pretreatment is critical in determining the analytical efficiency and greenness of complex sample analysis. Conventional extraction methods often suffer from high solvent consumption，complicated procedures，and insufficient automation. Miniaturized solid-phase extraction（SPE） techniques offer innovative solutions for green sample pretreatment by downscaling extraction units，reducing sorbent and solvent consumption，and integrating functional materials with instrumental platforms. This review classifies miniaturized SPE techniques into three major categories—coating-based，microcolumn-based，and dispersive formats—according to their configurations and operational modes，and summarizes their fundamental principles and technical characteristics，from a green analytical chemistry perspective. Furthermore，the applicability of different miniaturized extraction strategies is discussed across representative complex matrices，including environmental，food，and biomedical samples，emphasizing the enrichment performance，matrix purification capability，operational efficiency，and green merits. Finally，matrix-oriented selection strategies are proposed for miniaturized SPE based on the sample characteristics and analytical requirements，which provide valuable insights for rationally designing efficient，low-consumption，and sustainable pretreatment methods for complex sample analysis.关键词：green analytical chemistry;miniaturized solid-phase extraction;sample pretreatment;functional materials;solid-phase microextraction59|26|0更新时间：2026-10-14 -
摘要：Driven by the global push for a“dual carbon”strategy，the green，low-carbon，and sustainable transformation of the traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） pharmaceutical industry—a typically energy-intensive sector—has emerged as a core issue for its future development. This article focuses on a representative part of the high-energy-consumption operation in the industry：drying. On the one hand，the article sorted out the internationally accepted carbon footprint accounting standards and further clarifies the boundaries，key emission sources，and applicable carbon footprint accounting methods by considering the complexity of the raw materials and process particularity in TCM. On the other hand，the article is not limited to a simple carbon footprint； rather，it innovatively introduces and expands the concept of“greenness”and builds a multidimensional evaluation system that comprehensively considers quality，energy efficiency，resources，and the environment for systematically exploring the applicability of carbon footprint accounting rules and“greenness”evaluation in this field. Finally，the article maps the potential advantages，major limitations，and optimization directions of typical drying technologies using the proposed indicators； clarifies the core needs for the current green transformation of the TCM pharmaceutical industry； and discusses the potential of the underlying equipment iteration and digital technology in the future.关键词：traditional Chinese medicine pharmaceuticals;carbon footprint;lifecycle assessment;greenness evaluation;drying process;green manufacturing;sustainable development55|21|0更新时间：2026-10-14 -
摘要：Against the background of China’s“dual carbon”goals and the green and low-carbon transformation of the manufacturing industry，traditional Chinese medicine granulation processes urgently require a quantifiable and comparable greenness evaluation method. However，existing evaluation methods mainly focus on single indicators such as energy consumption，yield，or process type and lack unified system boundaries，functional units，and quality constraints，making it difficult to objectively reflect the greenness of different granulation processes. Therefore，based on the concept of carbon footprint accounting，this study defines“from extract or concentrated liquid to qualified granules”as the process boundary and“unit output of qualified granules”as the functional unit. The key emission sources in traditional Chinese medicine granulation are summarized，the greenness characteristics of different granulation and drying-forming process routes are compared，and a formula for evaluating the greenness of traditional Chinese medicine granulation processes is proposed. The application of this formula is illustrated with literature cases of spray drying and fluidized bed granulation，showing that it can uniformly convert energy consumption，material input，process loss，auxiliary system operation，and quality deviation in different processes into unit qualified particle output. This method can provide a reference for the low-carbon evaluation，route screening，and intelligent optimization of traditional Chinese medicine granulation processes.关键词：carbon footprint;traditional Chinese medicine granulation;spray drying;green evaluation method;functional unit63|21|0更新时间：2026-10-14 -
摘要：To support Guangzhou’s goal of reducing carbon emissions by 7%-10% within five years after reaching its carbon peak，this study accounts for the life-cycle carbon emissions of biodiesel produced from food waste and sets up multiple scenarios to evaluate its contribution to emission reductions when substituting conventional diesel. The results show that the carbon footprint of biodiesel is 47.6% lower than that of conventional diesel. By 2035，biodiesel production capacity will be constrained either by the existing design capacity or treatment capacity of food waste； with the introduction of imported acidified palm oil，the total relative emission reduction rate after the carbon peak could reach up to 40.4%. This study suggests that during periods with sufficient design production capacity for biodiesel，priority should be given to optimizing the food waste collection system and moderately introducing palm acid oil to replace a part of the conventional diesel； when production capacity is limited，efforts should be focused on developing the biodiesel production capacity to systematically enhance its emission reduction contribution. This research provides a decision‑making basis for scientifically identifying the emission reduction pathways of biodiesel from food waste in the post-carbon-peak phase.关键词：biodiesel;carbon footprint;emission reduction contribution;production capacity38|10|0更新时间：2026-10-14 -
摘要：Owing to the widespread grid integration of renewable energy，deep peak-load regulation in coal-fired power plants has introduced novel multimedia pollutant partitioning behaviors. This study investigates a 600 MW coal-fired power plant burning high-arsenic coal to examine the effects of load variation on the speciation of arsenic in slag，fly ash，and desulfurization gypsum. Under high-load conditions，arsenic in slag is dominated by the stable residual fraction（72%-77%），whereas the proportion of labile fractions remains low，indicating that high-temperature melting and vitrification favor the stable sequestration of residual arsenic in slag. In fly ash，arsenic fractionation is highly sensitive to load variations. Under high-load conditions，the proportion of labile fractions（F1-F3） is relatively high，whereas under low-load conditions，arsenic accumulates in the residual fraction（F5）. This pattern is closely associated with the availability of reactive Ca- and Fe-bearing sites in fly ash. In desulfurization gypsum，total arsenic content and fraction distribution remain stable across loads，showing that occurrence characteristics are primarily governed by the wet flue gas desulfurization system’s chemical conditions. These findings establish a basis for coal combustion byproduct utilization and environmental risk management under deep peak-load regulation.关键词：coal-fired power plant;deep peak-load regulation;arsenic;sequential extraction;speciation analysis42|11|0更新时间：2026-10-14 -
摘要：Under the background of the "dual carbon" goals and green transformation，green detection technology has become an important development direction in the field of analytical testing. At present，in the promotion and application of green detection technology，there are still issues such as unclear terminology boundaries，inconsistent evaluation of green performance，insufficient method validation，and imperfect rules for results adoption，which affect its standardized application and large-scale promotion. This study defines the scope of green detection technology from a standardization perspective，analyzes its standardization foundation and practical needs，constructs a standard system composed of basic standards，method standards，evaluation standards，management standards，and application standards，and analyzes the mechanism by which standards promote the application and transformation of green detection technology through aspects such as method verification，rule consolidation，results adoption，and scenario dissemination. In the future，efforts should focus on improving standard supply around key areas such as green performance evaluation，method validation，intelligent equipment operation control，data quality，and result traceability to support the standardized application and large-scale promotion of green detection technology.关键词：green detection technology;standard system;standardization;green performance evaluation;results adoption45|25|0更新时间：2026-10-14 -
摘要：The sample analysis work of traditional environmental monitoring laboratories mainly relies on manual operation. This mode has such prominent problems as long analysis cycle，low efficiency，significant influence by the operators，and high susceptibility to accidental errors，making it difficult to meet the demand for high-throughput and high-precision analysis in modern environmental monitoring. Existing assembly-line lights-out laboratories have achieved automation，yet are constrained by fixed workflows，resulting in shortcomings such as insufficient system flexibility，low resource utilization，and limited functional scalability. Lights-out laboratories based on a flexible architecture are highly compatible with standard classical monitoring methods. By imitating manual experimental procedures，the hardware system is decomposed into standardized functional units，forming a software and hardware system featuring unified management，flexible interconnection，and multi‑system coordination. Through dynamic adjustment of functional units and scheduling of machine time，such laboratories effectively break through the dual constraints of testing indicators and physical space，with the technical advantages of strong system flexibility，high resource utilization，and excellent scalability. A water‑quality lights-out laboratory was constructed using the flexible architecture，and verification was performed on seven typical inorganic water‑quality indicators selected according to experimental procedures. The results show that the laboratory achieves closed‑loop automation of the entire testing process，with all performance indicators complying with current standards. The large-scale application of flexible-architecture lights-out laboratories is still restricted by factors including insufficient digitalization of pretreatment equipment and closed measurement and control software of testing instruments. The development of intelligent agents for instrument operation and the establishment of cross‑domain resource‑sharing models will become the key breakthroughs and development directions for this technology.关键词：lights-out laboratories;environmental monitoring;flexible architecture;AI agents90|22|0更新时间：2026-10-14 -
摘要：Under several pressures such as tightening regulations，carbon peaking，and neutrality goals，the testing and inspection industry is shifting from scale expansion to a balanced pursuit of quality and efficiency. Traditional manually operated management systems have unsustainable weaknesses in personnel competence，task closure，risk warning，archive management，and supervision，which have become bottlenecks for compliance and green transformation. Anchored on GB/T 27025-2019 and Criteria for the Accreditation of Testing Institutions（2023） and informed by emerging standards such as the T/GDSZ 007-2025 General Requirements for the Digital System of the Management System of Testing Institution，this paper identifies the key difficulties faced by testing institutions while building digitalized and intelligent green-laboratory quality systems. Moreover，the paper proposes workable solutions and practices along four dimensions：standard adaptation，process solidification，closed-loop data，and artificial intelligence empowerment. Drawing on the implementation experiences of several institutions，this study shows that embedding compliance requirements into business processes and driving continuous improvement with data can control qualification risks while reducing management costs and supporting carbon footprint quantification.关键词：testing institution;quality system;digitalization;artificial intelligence;green laboratory59|24|0更新时间：2026-10-14
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摘要：To address the challenge of inefficient parallel analysis of volatile organic compounds（VOCs） and semi-volatile organic compounds（SVOCs） in water，this study proposes a dual-channel time-series optimization control strategy for an online water quality gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS） analysis system. Based on this strategy，a dual-channel online sampling device was constructed and its application evaluated. Under the control of this strategy，the idle time between analyses in the online system was reduced from 44.0 min to 1.3 min，which shortened the single monitoring cycle by 28% and simultaneously prevented volatilization losses of target analytes caused by prolonged retention times. Methodological validation was performed by coupling the online sampling device with the online analysis system to analyze 60 VOCs and SVOCs. Both compound classes exhibited excellent linearity with r²≥0.995 9 within the ranges of 0.1-20 μg/L and 5-100 ng/L，respectively. The limits of detection for 56 VOCs ranged 0.04-0.26 μg/L，while those for four SVOCs reached 0.12-0.25 ng/L. Spiked recoveries for both compound classes ranged in 88.8%-114%. The improved operational efficiency resulting from time-series optimization also enabled more frequent monitoring by the system. During an 8-day continuous monitoring campaign in a river network，the monitoring system，using the proposed strategy，successfully captured transient concentration fluctuations of a pollutant with a peak value of 130 ng/L. The dual-channel time-series optimization control strategy proposed in this work resolves the issue of excessive processing time associated with traditional serial pretreatment and combined analysis modes，increases the throughput of online GC-MS analysis，and provides valuable technical support for high-frequency tracking and continuous early warning of sudden composite pollution in complex water bodies.关键词：water quality monitoring;time-series optimized control strategy;volatile organic compounds;semi-volatile organic compounds;online gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis44|29|0更新时间：2026-10-14 -
摘要：This study developed an inhouse solid-phase extraction device for the efficient enrichment of dissolved organic matter（DOM） in large-volume water samples. The combination of this device and ultra-high resolution characteristics of Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry were employed to rapidly batch extract and analyze the molecular composition differences of the DOMs in groundwater near the Pearl River estuary. The inhouse device performed simple and fast batch processing of the groundwater samples. The Bray-Curtis dissimilarity values calculated from the raw data of samples in both the positive and negative ion modes were consistently below 13%，confirming the excellent repeatability of the method. The extraction recoveries showed no significant correlation between the dissolved organic carbon concentrations in the original samples；further，no marked superiority between the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance（HLB） and priority pollutant cartridges was observed. Consolidating data acquired in both the positive- and negative-ion electrospray ionization modes streamlined the analytical workflow while enabling a more comprehensive characterization of the differences in the DOM molecular structural features. Moreover，the principal component analysis of the intensity-weighted average molecular parameters indicated that the HLB cartridges yielded more significant discriminatory power for the 10 samples. Overall，this study provides technical and theoretical support for advancing the understanding of DOM molecular composition in groundwater systems.关键词：groundwater;dissolved organic matter;solid-phase extraction device;Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry43|14|0更新时间：2026-10-14 -
摘要：With the increasing demand for lithium products，rapid and precise quantitative analysis of spodumene composition is essential for optimizing mineral resource development and reducing industrial energy consumption. As an emerging chemical analysis technique，laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy（LIBS）offers significant advantages such as environmental friendliness，rapid，real-time，and in situ multi-element detection. In this study，a rapid LIBS measurement system was developed to obtain the spectra of spodumene samples. Multiple atomic spectral lines of Li were analyzed. The atomic line LiⅠ at 610.354 nm exhibited pronounced “peak shift” due to matrix interference from Ca. While the atomic line of LiⅠ at 670.776 nm suffered from severe self-absorption. Consequently，the LiⅠ line at 812.623 nm was selected as the optimal spectral line for quantitative analysis. To enhance spectral stability，full-spectrum total area normalization was employed，significantly reduced the relative standard deviation（RSD） to below 3.0%. Quantitative analysis revealed a robust linear correlation between Li₂O content and Li line intensity，with a coefficient of determination（R2） of 0.993. Furthermore，prediction results showed that the RSD values for the six predictions of each sample were 3.0%，1.1%，and 1.9%，respectively. The overall root-mean-square error（RMSE） was 0.062. The absolute error within 0.10% and the relative error was within 9.0%. These results indicate that the high predictive stability and accuracy of the calibration model. It demonstrates significant potential for rapid detection and precise quantification of mineral samples，holding great importance for promoting the efficient development of mineral resources and advancing green industrial transformation.关键词：laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy;spodumene;matrix effect;green analysis;rapid detection78|27|0更新时间：2026-10-14
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