最新刊期
卷 43 ， 期 10 ， 2024
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摘要：The study on the biological effects of nanomaterials refers to the examination of the interactions between nanoscale materials and biological systems. Large-scale scientific facilities，or large research infrastructures，characterized by their substantial costs on investment and construction，serve as pivotal infrastructures that can operate stably over long term to achieve significant scientific and technological objectives. This work presents an overview of the recent advancements in the study of the biological effects of nanomaterials with large-scale scientific facility-based techniques，especially the characterization of nanomaterials at both static and dynamic conditions，tracking their distribution and transformation within biological systems，and elucidation of the interactions between nanomaterials and biomolecules. The perspectives on the application of the latest large-scale scientific facility-based techniques to study the biological effects of nanomaterials were also presented.关键词：large-scale scientific facilities;biological effects of nanomaterials;synchrotron radiation;free-electron laser facilities;neutron sources757|732|0更新时间：2025-11-21 -
摘要：The transport of the artificial radioactive element Pu（Plutonium） in China's coastal zone is related to national nuclear safety and emergency response and marine ecological safety，which is of great significance for monitoring in the fields of radiochemistry，oceanography，ecology and earth sciences. China's coastal zones are located in the marginal sea areas of the Northwest Pacific Ocean，also characterized by strong turbidity currents，making it possible to rapidly scavenging and contaminate the suspended sediments in seawater with Pu or other artificial radioactive substances transported by ocean currents，and the extensive migration of Pu in the marine sedimentary environment. The study of its isotopic fingerprints and other geochemical indexes can quickly identify the sources of radioactive and respective the proportion of radioactive contaminants. This paper summarizes the research progress of Pu in Chinese coastal zone environment in recent decades. The study of Pu in the coastal zone will contribute to the national nuclear power strategy and the nuclear safety of the coastal areas under the complex external marine environment，the instantaneous assessment of changes in the earth's environment，and the nuclear emergency safeguard in case of a nuclear accident.关键词：nuclear power planning;China's coastal zone;Fukushima nuclear accident;pollution migration;nuclear emergency response554|868|0更新时间：2025-11-21 -
摘要：The development of nuclear science and technology and the peaceful use of atomic energy are an important link in human history. With the increasing exploration of nuclear energy applications in modern society，strengthening nuclear safety supervision，improving the level of nuclear safety，and promoting global nuclear safety governance are the cornerstones of ensuring the long-term development and application of nuclear energy. Therefore，nuclear radiation detection technology is increasingly vital in environmental radioactive detection，nuclear power plant safety monitoring，nuclear accident emergency monitoring，land border radioactive monitoring，nuclear and radiological terrorism incidents prevention，and many other fields. Meanwhile，nuclear radiation detection technology has been developed vigorously，and much progress has been made in developing new materials. Nuclear radiation detectors or nuclear radiation detection materials are essential carriers of nuclear radiation detection technology. The operational principle of the nuclear radiation detector is based on the interaction between the radiation particle and the detection medium. This review started with the nuclear radiation detection technology，based on the development of nuclear radiation detection materials，introducing the research progress and application status of the nuclear radiation detector both here and abroad，and looking into the development prospects and challenges of the new nuclear radiation detectors.关键词：nuclear radiation detection;gas detector;scintillation detector;semiconductor detector2015|4730|0更新时间：2025-11-21 -
摘要：Accelerator mass spectrometry（AMS） has developed as the most sensitive means for testing ultra-low content radionuclides，and the detection limit has decreased to the atto-gram levels. This article provides a comprehensive review on of the principles and key techniques that support the continuous progress of AMS technology，the basic structure of the accelerator mass spectrometry instruments，and the development of the four generations of AMS equipment. This paper aims to help the researchers especially young scientists who are interested in the application of AMS techniques in the relevant research fields to quickly understand the technical principles and techniques of AMS，to promote interdisciplinary integration and innovation. In the past 10 years，the AMS techniques developed rapidly and number and types of AMS instrument increased dramatically. The nuclides to be measured from only 14C only in early date to almost full coverage of the“mainstream long-lived radioactive nuclides”at present，thus it is the right time and necessary to make a summary of the construction and development of the AMS laboratories in China.Accelerator mass spectrometry technology will not only promote traditional basic scientific research，but also make increasingly significant contributions in the studies such as global climate evolution，environmental pollution，public health and international nuclear material safety protection.关键词：accelerator mass spectrometry;atto-gram level;ultra-low concentrations;long half-life;radioisotope795|1024|0更新时间：2025-11-21 -
摘要：The analysis of long-life and low-abundance radionuclides is significant for nuclear environmental monitoring，nuclear fuel cycle and nuclear forensics. Laser resonance ionization mass spectrometry（LRIMS），a technology developed by combining resonance ionization ion source and mass spectrometry，holds both the merits of high selectivity and high sensitivity，and is suitable for analyzing ultra-trace nuclides that are suffered from matrix interference. In this paper，we review our recent research on 121mSn，126Sn，233U，236U，238Pu abundance analysis based on magnetic-electric double-focusing LRIMS. The techniques of achieving high efficiency atomization，high element selectivity and high isotope selectivity are introduced. Finally，the prospect of LRIMS for ultra-trace nuclides analyzing is forecasted.关键词：low abundance;isobaric interference;uranium;plutonium;tin;laser resonance ionization mass spectrometry（LRIMS）647|614|1更新时间：2025-11-21 -
摘要：The state attaches great importance to nuclear safety. General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized the significance of nuclear material traceability and forensics at the Global Nuclear Security Summits. Nuclear material traceability forensics is the inspection and analysis of nuclear and radioactive materials to trace their nature，time，place，method and intended use. At present，the cutting-edge research direction in this field is to trace the source information of unknown nuclear materials by using multivariate statistical method based on database information. This paper reviews the progress of nuclear forensics research in recent years，and points out that there are still shortcomings such as strong data dependence，lack of quantitative analysis ability and universality of models. In order to overcome these limitations，this paper introduces the latest linear fitting method to achieve traceability forensic analysis. Based on the SFCOMP-2.0 spent fuel database published by OECD/NEA in 2017，the linear relationship hypothesis was proposed with different nuclide concentration ratios as sample characteristics and tested by the database data and the simulation results of pressurized water reactor（PWR） and boiling water reactor（BWR）. The results show that the linear relation hypothesis is suitable for both PWR and BWR，and can be used to predict the initial enrichment degree and burnup amount of fuel. In addition，three machine learning methods（LGR，SVM and MLP） are used to classify PWR and BWR.The research presented in this paper provides a new approach and technique for nuclear material traceability and forensics，which is of great theoretical and practical significance for improving the monitoring and prevention capabilities of nuclear safety. Finally，KNN classification，random forest and multi-layer perceptron algorithm are used to improve the nuclear forensics classification model and improve the ability to distinguish each reactor.关键词：nuclear safety analysis;nuclear material;forensics traceability;linear method;spent fuel510|410|0更新时间：2025-11-21 -
摘要：The decomposition of water by ionizing radiation（photons，fast electrons，X-rays，heavy ions，etc.） produces reactive radicals，such as hydroxyl radicals，hydrated electron，hydrogen radicals. These radicals are highly reactive and short-lived，and play crucial roles in the nuclear industry，new energy development，and radiation medicine. However，the time-resolved study of the reaction kinetics of radicals during water radiolysis is a challenging task. Pulse radiolysis is an experimental technique used to study the kinetics of transient reaction intermediates and their radical reactions. This technique triggers radical generation through ultrafast high-energy radiation and provides real-time，controllable resolution of the chemical structure of transient intermediates and their reaction kinetics. In this article，we review recent progress in the study of free radical in homogeneous and interfacial aqueous systems by pulse radiolysis，and we summarize and anticipate future developments in pulse radiolysis technique.关键词：Radiation chemistry;free radical chemistry;pulse radiolysis;transient spectrum696|1142|0更新时间：2025-11-21 -
摘要：90Sr is one of the fission products of significant concern in environmental radiation hazard assessment due to its high fission yield，long half-life，high toxicity and biological affinity for bones. Its environmental behavior is of great interest. As a crucial component of the ecosystem，soil acts as a link between water bodies，plants and the atmosphere，serving as a major pathway for the re-concentration of radioactive nuclides released into the environment. Accurate analysis of 90Sr content in soil is a key task in environmental radiation safety assessment and is crucial for a deeper understanding of the environmental behavior of 90Sr. This paper reviews recent advancements in the analysis methods of 90Sr in environmental soil both domestically and internationally. It summarizes the latest progress in sample pretreatment，chemical separation and purification，instrumental measurement，and the automation of analytical methods. Additionally，it provides an outlook on the future prospects for the accurate analysis of trace amounts of 90Sr in environmental soil.关键词：90Sr;soil samples;analysis method;summary615|803|0更新时间：2025-11-21 -
摘要：The selective and efficient enrichment of U（VI） from seawater and nuclear industry wastewater holds significant importance for the advancement of nuclear energy and sustainable energy sources，as well as for mitigating the potential environmental and health risks associated with radioactive isotopes. Electrochemical extraction of U（VI） has emerged as a cost-effective and efficient method that is gaining attention among researchers. This paper provides a brief overview of the development of novel metal-based electrodes and the detailed exploration of their application in extracting uranium from seawater and wastewater sources. Additionally，it discusses advanced methods for uranium extraction operations currently under consideration. The primary objective of this article is to offer insights into electrode design，mechanisms，and strategies to facilitate the progress of uranium extraction from seawater and wastewater.关键词：extracting uranium;electrochemistry;mechanism;electrochemical reduction deposition1026|1342|0更新时间：2025-11-21
Reviews
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摘要：Aiming at the problem of public safety，in the research，a multi-detector landmine detection device with detection method based on prompt gamma-ray neutron activation analysis（PGNAA） technology was developed for measuring the location detection of buried mines in soil. Firstly，based on the Monte Carlo simulation，the device was designed and optimized with D-T neutron generator and BGO detector as the core modules. The relative positions of detector and D-T neutron generator，as well as the neutron shielding layer were optimized，respectively，and the dose around the device was simulated and analyzed. According to the MCNP simulated results，the distance between the source and the detector is chosen as 21 cm. The borated polyethylene is chosen as the material of the neutron shielding layer，with the thickness is as 16 cm. When the neutron yield of the D-T neutron generator is 1×108 n/s，a safety range of 2 m is set around the device to meet the radiation dose safety requirements. Based on the optimization model，the experimental platform was built，and the Monte Carlo MCNP simulation and experiment was made for analysis. Both of the simulated and experimental results showed that the relative deviations between the calculated landmine coordinates and the pre-set coordinates were almost within the acceptable range，which proved the feasibility of the multi-detector landmine detection device and the multi-detector method for measuring the position of landmine. In addition，facing the complex soil environment，the impact of environmental factors，such as soil moisture content，background elements in the soil and landmine quality，were explored based on Monte Carlo MCNP simulated calculation. The simulated results showed that when the soil moisture content changed within the normal range，it had little impact on the detection accuracy of the mine detection system，however，it made an influence on the detection range of the device. When the soil moisture content increased from 0% to 35%，the “effective neutron” flux decreased by about 13.8%，and the detection range of the device finally reduced to 45 cm. When the content of nitrogen in soil was 1%-5%，the influence of background elements on both of the measurement accuracy and detection range of device was small. The minimum detectable sample mass of the device was about 1 100.8 g. As the sample mass increased，its detectable range increased at the same time. For the landmine sample with a mass of 3 317.5 g，the detectable range of the device reached 73 cm. Finally，based on the above multi-detector mine detection device and detection method，the single detector mine detection system and detection method are preliminarily explored，and the single detector response was used to achieve effective mine location detection.关键词：explosive detection;prompt gamma-ray neutron activation analysis（PGNAA） technology;design of multi-detectors detection device;Monte Carlo MCNP simulation;single-detector response618|356|0更新时间：2025-11-21 -
摘要：This study demonstrates the design and application of a novel high temperature rotatory apparatus for in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies of molten salts，facilitating investigation into the interaction between various structural materials and molten salts. The apparatus enables accurate detection of every phase change during high-temperature experiments，including strong reaction processes like corrosion. Molten salts，such as chlorides or fluorides，together with the structure materials，are inserted into either quartz or boron nitride capillaries，where X-ray diffraction pattern can be continuously collected，as the samples are heated to high temperature. The replacement reaction，when molten ZnCl2 are etching Ti3AlC2，can be clearly observed through changes in diffraction peak intensity as well as expansion in c-axis lattice parameter of the hexagonal matrix，due to the larger atomic number and ionic radius of Zn2+. Furthermore，we investigated the high-temperature corrosion process when GH3535 alloy is in FLiNaK molten salt，and can help to optimize its stability for potential applications in molten salt reactor. Additionally，this high temperature apparatus is fully compatible with the combined usage of X-ray diffraction and Raman technique，providing both bulk and surface structural information. This high temperature apparatus has been open to users and is extensively used at BL14B1 beamline of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility.关键词：in-situ X-ray diffraction;rotary micro-diffractometer;rotary high-temperature apparatus;molten salt698|609|0更新时间：2025-11-21 -
摘要：Due to their high electrical conductivity and layered structure，two dimensional MXene materials are regarded as promising candidates for energy storage applications. However，the relatively low stability and specific capacity of MXene materials limit their further utilization. In this study，these issues are addressed using a heterostructure strategy via a one-step selenization method to form Mo₂C@MoSe₂. Synchrotron radiation X-ray spectroscopic and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy（HRTEM） characterizations revealed the heterostructure consisting of in-situ grown MoSe2 on Mo2C MXene. Electrochemical tests proved the heterojunction electrode’s superior rate performance of 289.06 mAh·g-1 at a high current density of 5 A·g-1 and long cycling stability of 550 mAh·g-1 after 900 cycles at 1 A·g-1. This work highlights the useful X-ray spectroscopic analysis to directly elucidate the heterojunction structure，providing an effective reference method for probing heterostructures.关键词：X-ray spectroscopic;MXene;heterojunction;X-ray absorption fine structure;lithium-ion batteries534|410|0更新时间：2025-11-21 -
摘要：Uranium，as a radioactive element，has high mobility in water and high toxicity to organisms. Therefore，it is extremely important to develop an analytical method that can quickly and sensitively detect trace amounts of UO22+ in water. In this study，dual-emission Ln-MOFs（Eu/Zr-UiO-66-NH2） were successfully prepared by using bimetallic strategy，and the ratiometric fluorescent sensor was constructed to realize the visual detection of UO22+. By partially replacing Zr4+ with Eu3+ as the second metal source，the organic ligand sensitizes the forbidden transition of Eu3+ through the“antenna effect”，and the Eu/Zr-UiO-66-NH2 exhibits double emission centers. Moreover，the lattice defects generated by the competitive coordination of Eu3+ and Zr4+ increase the pore size of MOFs，which is conducive to the enrichment of UO22+ in the pore channel and further improves the sensitivity of fluorescence sensing. Scanning electron microscopy（SEM），X-ray powder diffractometer（XRD），N2 adsorption-desorption experiment and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to characterize the defect structure and optical properties of Eu/Zr-UiO-66-NH2，and the effects of the doping amount of Eu3+，solvent，fluorescent probe dosage and time on the detection of the sensor were investigated. Following the enrichment of UO22+ in a 99% ethanol solution for a period of 30 min，the Eu/Zr-UiO-66-NH2 exhibited a notable enhancement in fluorescence intensity. The IF450/IF620 exhibited a good linear relationship with the concentration of UO22+ within the range of 100-900 nmol/L，and the detection limit was 16.1 nmol/L. The shift in fluorescence hue from violet to blue was more conducive to on-site semi-quantitative detection. The 20-fold concentration of various interfering ions did not affect the fluorescence response of Eu/Zr-UiO-66-NH2 to UO22+. The results of UV-Vis spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS） indicated that the fluorescence enhancement process was a dynamic electron transfer mechanism. The sensor has been successfully applied to the determination of UO22+ content in tap water samples and has good application prospects.关键词：bimetallic strategy;Ln-MOFs;ratiometric fluorescent sensor;uranyl632|720|1更新时间：2025-11-21 -
摘要：Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometer（SEM-EDS），inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS） and ICP-MS with CL-TBP resin column（CL-TBP/ICP-MS） have been combined to determine the elemental signatures of uranium ore concentrate （UOC） samples. Analysis of the 5 UOCs at the microscopic level showed that the microstructures （particle size，shape，surface texture） of the UOC Bayanwula and UOC Tianshan are different from those of the UOC Jinyuan and UOC Tongliao. It seems that UOCs from precipitation may exist crystal on the surface. The SEM-EDS is a fast and flexible methodology for the determination of N，O，S，K and Cl，which are hard to be measured by ICP-MS. The results obtained from the SEM-EDS preliminarily showed the production process and chemical compositon of different UOCs. The matrix elements Na，Ca and Fe were analyzed in solution mode/ICP-MS，as well as W and Sn，which are easily absorbed or hydrolyzed. The measurements of trace elements for UOCs were conducted by CL-TBP/ICP-MS，which can detect more than sixty elements and those concentrations. Moreover，the detection of rare earth elements（REEs） of CL-TBP/ICP-MS is 10-9 g/g. As a result，this method is especially suit for REE patterns，from which each UOC was categorized from each other. Therefore，effective nuclear forensic investigations of 5 UOCs were proposed rely on combining SEM-EDS with ICP-MS. The method is convenient，accurate and reproducible，giving a powerful tool for the nuclear forensic analysis and databases development of UOCs and other uranium materials.关键词：nuclear forensic;uranium ore concentrates;material morphology;matrix elements;trace elemental impurities;REE pattern616|418|0更新时间：2025-11-21 -
摘要：Perovskite semiconductors，renowned for their excellent optoelectronic properties，are regarded as promising candidates for next-generation room temperature nuclear radiation detectors. Accurately determining the charge carrier transport properties is crucial for developing high-performance perovskite semiconductor radiation detectors. In this work，we developed a characterization method for the carrier transport properties of perovskite semiconductors using a pulsed laser as the excitation source. Based on the fabricated Au/CsPbBr3/Bi device，the pulsed laser was incident from the anode side，and the pulse signals at the cathode of the detector were collected. By fitting the rise time and amplitude distribution of the pulse signals under different biases，the hole carrier mobility（μh） in the CsPbBr3 semiconductor was determined to be 11.78 cm²·V-1·s-1，and the mobility-lifetime product（μτh） was 2.82×10-3 cm²·V-1，comparable to those obtained using the traditional 241Am α-particle as excitation source. This work demonstrates the feasibility of characterizing the transport properties of perovskite semiconductors using a pulsed laser as excitation source. Due to the good carrier transport properties，the detector exhibited excellent γ-ray detection performance，with an energy resolution of 8.5% for 57Co 122 keV γ-rays.关键词：perovskite semiconductor;semiconductor detector;CsPbBr3 semiconductor;carrier mobility lifetime product;mobility739|659|0更新时间：2025-11-21 -
摘要：Polymorphism is a specific feature of the triacylglycerols. The crystallization and melting properties are essential for the characteristics and industrial applications of fats. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy（PALS） allows for the characterization of microstructural changes in triacylglycerol crystals at the atomic scale. When positrons enter molecular materials，they form positronium（electron-positron bound states） with surrounding electrons，whose lifetime reflects the size of molecular-voids（free volumes）. In this paper，PALS was used to study the polymorphism and phase transition processes of five saturated monoacid triacylglycerides for the first time，including trilaurin，trimyristin，tripalmitin，tristearin and arachidin. The patterns of crystal phase transitions obtained from the PALS are in good agreement with those from other characterization methods. The positrons experiments revealed the formation of voids during the solid phase contraction of longer-chain triglycerides into more stable crystal forms，as well as the transformation from the -
摘要：Fast neutron multiplicity counting（FNMC） is a non-destructive technique for assessing the mass of fissile materials in sealed or unconsolidated states，without standard sample calibration. It holds significant importance in nuclear safeguards，particularly in nuclear material accountancy. This study focuses on the accuracy of Pu sample mass measurements using a fast neutron multiplicity measurement system composed of EJ-301 liquid scintillator detectors. A measurement system consisting of 1×6 EJ-301 detectors was constructed using Geant4 simulation software to simulate the direction，energy，and timing distributions of neutrons from spontaneous fission of Pu-240 sources. Multiplicity mass calculations were performed on different masses of Pu-240 sources，revealing relative mass deviations consistently below 10%. However，deviations increase proportionally with the mass of fissile material. Experimental measurements of plutonium metal yielded a average relative mass deviation of approximately 15.5%，potentially attributed to n/γ discrimination errors compared to simulation results. A 16% reduction in relative mass deviation was observed when comparing the results of the neutron multiplicity measurement device. Overall，the results demonstrate that the fast neutron multiplicity measurement system based on EJ-301 liquid scintillators effectively achieves mass measurements of plutonium metal.关键词：fast neutron multiplicity counting;liquid scintillator;Geant4 simulation;nuclear materials mass386|944|0更新时间：2025-11-21 -
摘要：To further enhance the hydrogen storage and sputter damage resistance of Ti film used in neutron tube，this study deposited an Al2O3 protective layer on the surface of Ti film and investigated its impact on surface damage and D retention during D ion implantation. The Ti film and Ti film with Al2O3 protective layer（Al2O3/Ti film） were prepared using radio-frequency magnetron sputtering technology. D ion implantation experiments were conducted，and scanning electron microscopy（SEM） was used to analyze the surface morphology before and after D ion implantation. Additionally，thermal desorption spectroscopy（TDS） was employed to study the effect of the protective layer on the D retention in the Ti film. SEM results showed that after implanting 5×1017 D ions，the Ti film surface exhibited cracking and peeling，whereas the Al2O3/Ti film surface did not show such phenomena. The Al2O3 protective layer suppressed cracking and peeling of the Ti film，which can enhance the film's life-time. TDS results indicated that with the addition of the Al2O3 protective layer，the peak desorption temperature of D increased by 4.9%，and the D retention in the film increased by 10.3%. During D ion implantation，the Al2O3 protective layer prevented the release of D atoms from the film，thereby improving D retention amount. This study preliminarily confirms the potential of Al2O3 as a protective layer for Ti film in neutron tube.关键词：neutron tube target;Ti film;Al2O3 protective layer;ion implantation;D retention285|286|0更新时间：2025-11-21
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