最新刊期
卷 44 ， 期 8 ， 2025
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摘要：The increasing demand for energy transition has accelerated the expansion of the lithium battery industry；however，its full life cycle environmental costs are becoming increasingly significant. This review evaluates the environmental impacts associated with each stage of the lithium battery life cycle—from mining and smelting to usage and recycling—and discusses corresponding mitigation strategies. Major environmental concerns include vegetation loss，excessive water and energy consumption，carbon emissions，heavy metal contamination，and the release of emerging organic pollutants. To alleviate these impacts，advancements in lithium slag reutilization，environmentally sustainable battery recycling techniques（e.g.，bioleaching and organic acid leaching），and direct regeneration are continuously being refined and implemented. The government needs to formulate and improve policies to promote the green transformation of the industry，strengthen the whole chain of solid waste regulation and resource utilization，including the “battery passport” system to achieve responsibility traceability，and build a whole life cycle regulatory system and other strategies to promote the sustainable development of the lithium battery industry.关键词：lithium batteries;full life cycle;environmental impact;pollution control;regulatory policy560|180|0更新时间：2025-08-08 -
摘要：p-Phenylenediamine（PPDs） are essential antioxidants in the rubber industry. Environmental release and ecological risks of PPDs and their quinone transformation products（PPD-Qs） have drawn significant attention. There is an urgent need to develop accurate analytical methods for the identification and quantification of PPDs and PPD-Qs in various environmental matrices. This review summarizes recent advances in sample pretreatment for PPDs and PPD-Qs，along with major detection technologies including chromatography-mass spectrometry，electrochemical analysis，and spectroscopic methods. Finally，future research directions are proposed，including the establishment of standardized trace-level detection systems，the development of real-time monitoring technologies，the assessment of secondary pollution risks from recycled rubber，and the development of environmentally friendly alternative antioxidants. This review aim to support the environmental monitoring and risk management of PPDs and PPD-Qs.关键词：PPDs;PPD-Qs;sample pretreatment;detection methods284|124|0更新时间：2025-08-08 -
摘要：To advance the understanding of airborne micro/nanoplastic（AMP/ANP） pollution in China and guide future research and governance efforts，this paper conducts a systematic review of methodologies for sampling，pretreatment，detection，and analysis of outdoor AMPs in China and its adjacent marine atmosphere. Current findings indicate that urban areas serve as significant sources of AMPs，with abundance levels exhibiting a gradient decline from cities to rural and remote regions. Furthermore，AMPs have been identified across diverse environmental media，primarily atmospheric suspended particulate matter and dry and wet deposition. However，methodological variations in sampling，pretreatment，and detection protocols lead to inconsistencies in reported data and abundance characterization. This study found that the sampling volume or area of individual samples can significantly affect the abundance results of airborne microplastics（p < 0.05），with lower sampling volumes or areas potentially leading to overestimated data. Moreover，research on ANP remains at an exploratory stage，yet their potential threats to human health cannot be overlooked. Future research should prioritize the standardization of AMP and ANP monitoring and analytical technologies to enhance methodological applicability，efficiency，and result comparability.关键词：microplastic;air;methodology;distribution;influence factors278|124|0更新时间：2025-08-08 -
摘要：Dissolved organic matter（DOM） is widely distributed in various ecosystems，such as water，glacier，sediment，and soil. As a key component of the global carbon cycle，DOM plays a crucial role in the regulating aquatic ecosystem dynamics and influencing global climate change. Composed of a highly heterogeneous mixture of organic compounds that contain diverse functional groups，DOM presents significant challenges for accurate characterization. This paper reviews the applications of several analytical techniques in resolving the chemical composition of DOM，including excitation-emission matrices（EEM），nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy（NMR），high-resolution mass spectrometry（HRMS），gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS），and atomic force microscopy（AFM）. The advantages and limitations of each technique are critically assessed，thereby highlighting their respective contributions to a comprehensive understanding of DOM. These results provide insights into the chemical composition and structure of DOM，spanning from macroscopic to microscopic perspectives. However，the understanding of the composition and structure of DOM still needs to be further enhanced. Future research should aim to improve analytical techniques，including the development of new sample pretreatment and derivatization methods to reduce matrix interference，and the application of machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms to enhance the ability to extract information from complex data.关键词：dissolved organic matter;natural organic matter;chemical composition;molecular composition;chemical structure304|101|0更新时间：2025-08-08 -
摘要：Functional magnetic graphene oxide materials are advanced nanocomposites based on the specific functional modification of magnetic graphene oxide（MGO）. They feature good selectivity，strong adsorption capacity，low toxicity，and multiple recyclability. These exceptional attributes make them not only highly effective but also widely applicable in the detection，adsorption and removal of trace pollutants from diverse environments. This study comprehensively reviewed the main methods for functionalized magnetic graphene oxide materials，including covalent modification，non-covalent modification as well as element doping synthesis. Furthermore，the key role of specific surface functional groups，such as thiol，amino，sulfonic and silane groups，in enhancing the overall functionality and performance of MGO materials was thoroughly summarized. This review also analyzed the molecular interactions between functionalized magnetic graphene oxide materials and various pollutant molecules，including hydrogen bonding，π-π interaction，electrostatic interaction and complexation. In addition，the outstanding properties and application advantages of functionalized magnetic graphene oxide materials in the detection and removal of organic and inorganic pollutants were systematically demonstrated. The development trends and future potentials of functionalized magnetic graphene oxide materials were explored，with the critical aim of providing theoretical foundations and valuable guidance for their advanced design，further improvement and broader application in a wide range of fields.关键词：magnetic graphene oxide;functionalization;trace pollutants;detection;removal405|62|0更新时间：2025-08-08 -
摘要：Emerging contaminants（ECs） refer to a class of chemical substances that are detectable in the environment and natural ecosystems and may pose potential risks to human health and environmental safety，even at low concentrations. ECs of global concern include persistent organic pollutants regulated by international conventions，endocrine-disrupting chemicals，antibiotics，and microplastics. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering（SERS） has demonstrated significant potential for efficient identification and quantitative analysis of ECs due to its advantages of high sensitivity，rapid response，and non-destructive detection. This paper systematically reviews the basic principles and enhancement mechanisms of SERS technology，with a focus on key strategies and recent advancements in improving the sensitivity，selectivity，and practicality of the substrates. Furthermore，the paper outlines the latest research trends in ultra-sensitive detection of various ECs using SERS，with particular emphasis on the application of artificial intelligence algorithms in SERS spectral data processing and ECs identification. Finally，the paper discusses the challenges of detecting ECs in complex environmental samples using current technologies and provides an outlook on future research directions and application prospects.关键词：emerging contaminants（ECs）;surface-enhanced Raman scattering（SERS）;enhancing strategies;substrate practicality;AI251|270|0更新时间：2025-08-08 -
摘要：Emerging contaminants（ECs） have become a focal point of global concern，necessitating the development of methods for their rapid and accurate analysis. Lanthanide ions（Ln3+） have garnered significant attention in the field of ECs detection due to their advantages，such as high fluorescence quantum yield，long fluorescence lifetime，and large Stokes shift. However，the f→f transitions of Ln3+ are parity-allowed transitions，resulting in very low excitation light absorption efficiency and poor photoluminescence efficiency in their free state. By coordinating Ln3+ with organic ligands that have high molar absorptivity，lanthanide coordination materials（LnCMs） can be prepared. Subsequently，energy transfer from the organic ligands to Ln3+ can yield LnCMs with high luminescence efficiency. The choice of ligand molecules for LnCMs is diverse，and their nanostructures are tunable，giving LnCMs a broad application prospect in the analysis and detection of ECs. This review systematically introduces the applications and developments of LnCMs in the field of ECs detection in recent years and provides an outlook for this area. The review aims to provide theoretical and technical guidance for the analysis and control of ECs.关键词：emerging contaminants;lanthanide fluorescence;coordination materials;rapid detection382|151|0更新时间：2025-08-08 -
摘要：Microplastics （MPs），typically defined as plastic fibers，fragments，or particles with diameters less than 5 mm，represent an emerging class of environmental pollutants. Their widespread presence in various environmental and food matrices has enabled multiple pathways for human exposure. Currently，over 20 types of microplastics have been detected in the human body，and their potential threats to human health warrant serious attention. This review systematically summarizes recent research progress on the occurrence levels，analytical methodologies，and potential health hazards of microplastics in humans，with a focus on critically evaluating sample pretreatment methods and detection techniques. Finally，current challenges and limitations in analytical approaches and health risk assessments of microplastics in the human body are discussed，along with perspectives for future research directions.关键词：microplastics（MPs）;human body distribution;pretreatment;detection technique;health effects317|266|0更新时间：2025-08-08
Reviews
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摘要：Microplastic（MPs） pollution has become a major challenge to the global environment. Traditional methods have many limitations in detection of microplastics，highlighting the urgent need for highly sensitive detection technology without complex preprocessing. In this study，a novel framework with surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate capture，deep learning recognition，and gradient-weighted class activation mapping（Grad-CAM） interpretation was constructed to solve the problem of MPs detection. The results show that the Au nanosponge substrate can effectively capture MPs. The data enhancement and preprocessing techniques can effectively improve the prediction accuracy of the model. In addition，the classification accuracy of the one-dimensional convolutional neural network（1D-CNN）-based multi-branch binary classification network can be up to 85%，which is significantly higher than that of the machine learning model and conventional 1D-CNN model. The Grad-CAM analysis effectively elucidates the model's decision-making rationale and provides insights into the causes of misclassification. This method was effectively validated using real-world mixed microplastic samples. The substrates employed in this study are characterized by their widespread material availability，straightforward fabrication process，cost-effectiveness，and significant potential for practical applications.关键词：surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy;microplastics;convolutional neural networks;deep learning;gradient-weighted class activation mapping318|154|0更新时间：2025-08-08 -
摘要：To investigate the generation status of emerging contaminants in key industries and evaluate water environment risks，this paper employed a non-targeted identification method utilizing solid-phase extraction/high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry（SPE/HPLC-QTOF MS） technology and a targeted quantification method based on solid-phase extraction/high performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry（SPE/HPLC-MS/MS） technology. These methods were used to screen and identify emerging contaminants in wastewater from the textile printing and dyeing industry，examine their presence characteristics in discharged wastewater，and assessed the ecological and environmental risks of these priority emerging contaminants using risk quotient analysis. Results revealed that a total of 88 types of emerging contaminants specific to the textile dyeing industry and 60 types of industrial chemicals were identified across six textile dyeing industrial parks/enterprises. These contaminants comprised 6 compounds with confidence level 1，128 compounds with a confidence level 2，and 14 compounds with a confidence level 3. Based on the results of non-targeted identification，we selected perfluorinated compounds，bisphenol A，alkylphenols，and anilines，which garnered significant attention，for targeted and precise quantification as well as ecological risk assessment. The results indicated that the concentration levels ranged from 19.8 to 68.1 ng/L for perfluorinated compounds，31.5 to 532 ng/L for bisphenol A and alkylphenols，and 9 to 186 ng/L for anilines. The exposure levels of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid，4-branched nonylphenol，4-nitroaniline and aniline in wastewater were relatively high，and the concentration of 4-branched nonylphenol was significantly higher than that of other emerging contaminants monomers，with the highest concentration of 369 ng/L. Based on the risk quotient（RQ），perfluorinated compounds and anilines were at low ecological risk even no risk levels. Conversely，the bisphenol A and alkylphenols fall into the medium and low risk categories，meriting attention. This research can provide technical supports for the risk control and precise treatment of emerging contaminants in textile dyeing industry wastewater.关键词：emerging contaminants;non-targeted identification;targeted quantification;textile dyeing industry;environmental risk assessment235|79|0更新时间：2025-08-08 -
摘要：In this study，an intelligent sensing material was innovatively constructed for the efficient adsorption and visualization of perfluorooctane sulfonate（PFOS） in water. Owing to the cross-linking and copolymerization between the quaternary ammonium salt monomer（methacrylatoethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride，MTAC） and polyethylene glycol diacrylate（PEGDA） on a polystyrene（PS） photonic crystal template，a three-dimensional photonic crystal hydrogel（PCH） network with strong cationic characteristics was established. The material，named MTAC-PCH，combined the structural color rendering property of photonic crystal and the stimulus response property of smart hydrogel. When PFOS specifically bound to the cationic sites and the gel skeleton，the detection of the target could be realized by the eye-recognizable color response（red→yellow-green） and the shift of Bragg diffraction wavelength. The successful synthesis of MTAC-PCH and its adsorption ability for PFOS were confirmed by SEM，FTIR，and EDS analysis. The adsorption and optical response mechanism of MTAC-PCH involved triple synergistic effects：（1） electrostatic interaction of quaternary ammonium cations（N⁺） in the gel network with PFOS sulfonate groups（—SO₃-）；（2） molecular sieving governed by the pore architecture of the gel matrix，combined with the hydrophobic interactions between the fluorinated carbon chains（C—F） of PFOS and both the PS microsphere and the hydrophobic pockets within the MTAC-PCH framework；（3） the contraction of gel network and the altering of lattice constants of the PCH structure triggered by PFOS binding，which can subsequently cause blue shifting of diffraction peaks and changing of structural color. This multiple synergistic effects enabled MTAC-PCH to maintain the efficient recognition and detection of PFOS in complex environmental matrices. The experimental results showed that the sensor can achieve adsorption equilibrium within 30 minutes，exhibiting a low detection limit of 1.42 μmol/L and excellent selective recognition capabilities for PFOS. Compared with other perfluorocarboxylic acid compounds and the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfonate（SDS），the response of MTAC-PCH to PFOS was significantly superior to other interferents，demonstrating good specificity. The material maintained good detection performance after three adsorption-desorption cycles and showed good reliability（spiked recoveries of 92.5%-97.8%） in the detection of PFOS in real water samples. The sensor not only provides the dual functions of pollutant capture and optical signal self-expression，but also possesses the advantages of intuitive visualization，fast response and low cost，which is especially suitable for on-site rapid screening and real-time monitoring of PFOS in polluted water bodies.关键词：photonic crystal;hydrogel;perfluorooctanesulfonic acid（PFOS）;visual detection296|68|0更新时间：2025-08-08 -
摘要：A highly efficient method for analyzing 70 liquid crystal monomers（LCMs） in air and particulates was established. After optimizing instrument parameters，solvent ratios，and ultrasonic extraction time，samples were extracted using an n-hexane/dichloromethane（1∶3，volume ratio） solution with ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes，followed by detection using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry（GC×GC-TOF MS）. This method enabled the rapid and accurate detection of 70 LCMs. Within the concentration range of 0.1 to 500 ng/mL，all 70 LCMs exhibited good linearity，with limits of detection ranging from 0.01 to 0.87 ng/mL. The recoveries of air and particulate samples spiked at 10，25 and 50 ng/mL ranged from 62.1% to 147% and 73.8% to 127%，respectively. The corresponding relative standard deviations were in the ranges of 0.55% to 28% and 0.15% to 30%，respectively. In 84 indoor samples，the LCMs concentrations ranged from not detected（ND） to 354 pg/m³. Trans，trans-4-（3，4-difluorophenyl）-4'-n-propylbicyclohexyl （3bcHdFP） had a detection rate of 100%，with concentrations ranging from 7.99 to 234.38 pg/m³ in air and from 23.26 to 164.58 pg/m³ in particulates，indicating the widespread presence of LCM pollution indoors. This method is simple，highly precise，and suitable for the simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of multiple LCMs in indoor air and particulates，providing technical support for the characterization，source apportionment，and risk assessment of indoor LCMs contamination.关键词：two-dimensional gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry（GC×GC-TOF MS）;liquid crystal monomers;indoor air and particulate;broad spectrum screening318|34|0更新时间：2025-08-08 -
摘要：To meet the traceability requirements for detecting emerging pollutants in the environment and food，a certified reference material（CRM） of potassium perfluorobutanesulfonate（PFBS） in methanol was developed. Qualitative analysis of the potassium perfluorobutanesulfonate raw materials was conducted using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry（HPLC-QE Plus Orbitrap）. The chemical structure of PFBS was further conclusively verified via fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy，where characteristic peaks were assigned through chemical shift analysis. The purity of potassium perfluorobutanesulfonate raw material was determined using the mass balance method. Structurally similar impurities were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a charged aerosol detector（HPLC-CAD），which provided a universal response to structurally similar compounds，with the HPLC purity of 99.91%. Moisture content was measured by Karl Fischer titration，with the moisture content of 0.05%. Inorganic elements were quantified via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS），with the content of 0.08%. Volatile solvents were determined using a headspace gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detector（GC-FID），with the content of 0.21%. The purity of PFBS verified using mass balance method was 99.57%. The reference material of PFBS in methanol was prepared using the gravimetric-volumetric method. Homogeneity，long-term and short-term stability tests were conducted. Homogeneity test was conducted through stratified random sampling of 15 units across the production batch of 300 units. The homogeneity of the reference material was found to be satisfactory. Long-term stability was conducted at room temperature for 24 months，while short-term stability test was conducted at 50 ℃ for 14 days. Stability trends were assessed using linear regression models，and no significant trend was found for both short-term and long-term stability test. Afterwards，the uncertainty of the solution reference material was evaluated. The uncertainty evaluation encompassed major components such as the purity assignment of the PFBS raw material，the preparation process of solution，homogeneity test，short-term stability test and long-term stability test，with the relative uncertainty of 0.10%，0.43%，0.69%，0.26% and 0.34% individually. The certified value of the developed CRM was 50.5 μg/mL. The combined relative standard uncertainty was 1%，with an expanded uncertainty of 2% （k=2）. It has been approved as the first national certified reference material for perfluoroalkyl substances in China. The PFBS solution CRM can ensure the traceability，comparability，and accuracy of related measurement results. For instance，PFBS quantification in complex matrices such as drinking water，biological samples，food samples and agricultural products.关键词：potassium perfluorobutanesulfonate;reference material;mass balance method;charged aerosol detector;uncertainty evaluation224|12|0更新时间：2025-08-08 -
摘要：In this study，a novel approach combining near-infrared（NIR） technology and the light gradient boosting machine（LightGBM） algorithm was developed for the quantitative prediction of phenanthrene and fluoranthene concentrations in oily sludge. Firstly，systematic optimization of model parameters was conducted to enhance predictive performance. Subsequently，spectral preprocessing techniques were applied to the NIR spectral data of the samples. Furthermore，the variable selection methods of competitive adaptive reweighted sampling（CARS），mutual information（MI），and whale optimization algorithm（WOA） were used to select the spectral features effectively. Finally，based on the optimally selected input variables，the LightGBM prediction models were established. The performance of the LightGBM model was evaluated through comparative analysis with partial least squares regression（PLS），random forest（RF），and support vector machine（SVM）. The results demonstrated that for phe content prediction，the Nor-SG-WOA-LightGBM model achieved superior performance，with a coefficient of determination（R²p） of 0.995 2 and root mean square error（RMSEp） of 0.242 6 mg/g. For flt content prediction，the SNV-SG-CARS-LightGBM model showed optimal performance，achieving an R²p of 0.995 1 and RMSEp of 0.245 2 mg/g. This method provides a technical reference for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） in oily sludge.关键词：near-infrared spectroscopy;light gradient boosting machine;oily sludge;polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs）392|23|0更新时间：2025-08-08 -
摘要：An analytical method based on ultrasonic-assisted extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（HPLC-MS/MS） was developed to simultaneously determine 40 vulcanization accelerators（VAs） across eight categories in soil samples. To optimize the extraction process，the recoveries of different extraction solvents（methanol，acetonitrile，dichloromethane，ethyl acetate and n-hexane） and extraction time（10 to 35 min） were compared. Methanol was identified as the optimal extraction solvent，with an extraction time of 20 min. Soil samples were extracted using methanol under ultrasonic assistance followed by nitrogen-evaporation to a final volume of 1 mL，and separated using an XBridge BEH C18 column. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed using multiple reaction monitoring（MRM） mode. The 40 target compounds exhibited good linearity within the concentration range of 0.01-200 ng/mL，with correlation coefficients（r2） better than 0.99. The method detection limits ranged from 0.007 11 to 10.8 ng/g，and the method quantification limits ranged from 0.023 7 to 35.9 ng/g. At spiked levels of 150 and 500 ng/g，the average recoveries ranged from 30.2% to 143%，with relative standard deviations（RSDs） less than 20%（n=3）. In actual soil samples，36 VAs were detected，with total concentrations ranging from 10.7 to 361 ng/g. Notably，29 compounds were identified in soil for the first time. This method is simple，sensitive，and well-suited for the determination of 40 VAs in soil，providing valuable technical support for research on VA pollution in soil.关键词：soil;vulcanization accelerators;ultrasonic-assisted extraction;high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （HPLC-MS/MS）277|28|0更新时间：2025-08-08 -
摘要：To address the challenges of complex matrix interference and cumbersome sample processing in wastewater analysis，we developed an online solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（SPE/LC-MS/MS） method. Utilizing an isotope dilution internal standard approach，this technique facilitates automated processing and single-step quantitative detection of 42 common antibiotics，with a linear range of 1-500 ng/L and r² values greater than 0.97 for most antibiotics. Using this innovative method，we conducted a comprehensive monitoring and risk assessment of 42 antibiotics at 24 key discharge points along the Wei River Basin from Xianyang to Xi'an across wet，normal，and dry water periods. Our findings revealed the presence of 42 antibiotics across six major classes，with total concentrations ranging from 5 110.3 to 21 378.1 ng/L. Clarithromycin，ofloxacin，and sulfanethoxazole emerged as significant contaminants，exhibiting high detection frequencies and concentrations. Seasonal variations in total antibiotic concentrations were noted，with the highest levels recorded in January （dry period），followed by May （normal period），and the lowest in September （wet period）. Using the risk entropy method for assessment，we identified that ofloxacin，azithromycin，and sulfanethoxazole reached high ecological risk levels at multiple monitoring sites. This study not only provides a highly sensitive and efficient detection method for monitoring antibiotics in surface water and wastewater but also offers a scientific basis for investigating the status of antibiotic pollution and developing effective remediation strategies in the Guanzhong section of the Wei River Basin.关键词：Wei River;Guanzhong region;antibiotics;solid phase extraction/liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（SPE/LC-MS/MS）;spatiotemporal distribution;ecological risk assessment194|78|0更新时间：2025-08-08 -
摘要：A method for the determination of 52 perfluorinated and polyfluorinated substances（PFASs） in human serum based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（UHPLC-MS/MS） was developed. 200 μL human serum sample was subjected to liquid-liquid extraction three times using 3 mL of the mixed solution of 0.6% formic acid-ethyl acetate and n-hexane（3∶2，volume ratio），then analyzed by UHPLC-MS/MS. 52 PFASs exhibited good linearity in the range，with correlation coefficients（r²） ranging from 0.995 5 to 0.999 8. The limits of detection（LOD） were in the range of 0.000 9-0.015 0 μg/L，and the limit of quantitation （LOQ） were 0.002 9-0.050 0 μg/L. The spiked recoveries ranged from 75.1% to 115% with average recoveries of 78.9%-107%，the relative standard deviations（RSDs） were in the range of 1.6%-15%，and the matrix effects ranged from 85.0% to 115%. The method was used for the analysis of 180 human serum samples，and 48 PFASs were detected. Among them，the detection frequency of 12 compounds，including PFHpA，PFOA，PFNA，PFDA，PFUdA，PFDoA，PFTrDA，PFTeDA，PFHxS，PFHpS，PFOS，and 6∶2 Cl-PFAES，showed 100%. This method is simple，sensitive，accurate，and reproducible，could meet the requirements for PFAS analysis in serum.关键词：perfluoroakyl and polyfluoroakyl substances（PFASs）;serum;ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（UHPLC-MS/MS）;liquid-liquid extraction371|45|0更新时间：2025-08-08 -
摘要：Progesterone is an important reproductive hormone and an environmental endocrine disruptor. In this study，a ratio fluorescence probe of aptamer-functionalized infinite coordination polymers（CDs-Tb/GMP@Apt ICPs） was developed. The aptamer can specifically recognize progesterone，the ICPs provide detection signals，and the carbon dots（CDs） provide internal standard signals. When progesterone is added，the fluorescence of ICPs is quenched at 489 nm and 545 nm，while the fluorescence of CDs remains stable at 445 nm. Progesterone was detected by the change in the fluorescence ratio of ICPs to CDs，which reduced the background interference. Based on this principle，a smartphone-assisted “Lab-in-a-tube”in-tube detection device was constructed. Within the range of 15 to 300 nmol/L，the logarithm of the progesterone concentration showed a linear relationship with the ratio B/（R+G+B） of the color of the test strip，and the limit of detection was 7.2 nmol/L. This method was applied to the determination of progesterone in surface water and biological samples. The spiked recoveries ranged from 97.3% to 104%，and the relative standard deviations were from 1.2% to 4.7%. This probe has good selectivity and strong anti-interference ability. With the assistance of smartphones for detection，it is easy to operate，reduces the dependence on large instruments，and is suitable for on-site rapid detection. It provides a new technology for on-site detection of progesterone as well as pollution prevention and control.关键词：infinite coordination polymers;visualization;carbon dots;aptamer;progesterone363|73|0更新时间：2025-08-08 -
摘要：An analytical method based on gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry（GC-MS/MS） was established for the determination of 15 organic ultraviolet filters in particulate matter（PM2.5）. And the extraction，purification and instrumental analysis parameters were optimized. PM2.5 samples were extracted twice using 60 mL of n-hexane/dichloromethane mixture（5∶1，volume ratio） and purified with C18 solid phase extraction cartridges. Elution was performed using 10 mL of n-hexane/dichloromethane mixture（4∶1，volume ratio）. After concentration，GC-MS/MS was used for detection. The 15 UV filters exhibited good linearity within the range of 2-2 000 μg/L，with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.993 1 to 0.999 4. For a 530 m³ PM2.5 sample，after concentrating and reconstituting the eluate in 100 μL of hexane，the detection limit of the method ranged from 0.01 to 1 pg/m³. The recoveries of spiking standards with high，medium and low concentration were 72.5% and 133%，while the recoveries of the surrogate standards to the recovery standards ranged from 53.0% to 145%. This method was used to analyze six samples from Beijing，and the dominant detected compounds were EHS （2-ethylhexyl salicylate），HMS （homosalate） and EHMC （ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate）. The method has advantages such as simple pretreatment procedure，low solvent usage，and good recovery，and it is suitable for the simultaneous determination of 15 UV filters in PM2.5 samples.关键词：gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry;solid phase extraction;ambient particulate matter;organic ultraviolet filters353|65|0更新时间：2025-08-08 -
摘要：The increasing use of neonicotinoid insecticides（NEOs） in agriculture as well as in daily life and the increased persistence of their transformation products（TPs） in water may pose a significant threat to aquatic organisms in receiving rivers. However，the current understanding of the pollution characteristics and ecological risks of NEOs and their TPs in urban aquatic environments remains limited. In order to investigate the occurrence，composition and spatial distribution of NEOs and their TPs in the aquatic environment，seven NEOs and six TPs in 40 water samples in the Guangzhou reach of the Pearl River were analyzed，and their potential water ecological risks and health risks were further assessed using risk quotients and the relative potency factor，respectively. The results showed that NEOs and TPs were widely detected in the aqueous phase of Guangzhou reach of Pearl River，with the total concentration of 43.7 to 865 ng/L（mean±standard deviation：（197±149） ng/L）. The concentrations of NEOs and TPs in the downstream were generally higher than those in the upstream. This was mainly due to the elevated concentration of imidacloprid-urea（IMI-UR） in the downstream. These results indicated that higher concentrations of NEOs and TPs were detected in the aqueous phase near the agricultural cultivation area. Imidacloprid（IMI） and its three TPs were the most dominant components in all the aqueous phase，and the detected concentrations accounted for 71% of the total concentrations. The results of the risk quotient indicated that the aquatic ecological risk of the target NEOs in the aqueous phase of Guangzhou reach of Pearl River was at a low to moderate level. Moreover，it is urgent to pay attention to their long-term risk to aquatic organisms. The results of the health risk assessment showed that the exposure risks of NEOs in surface water in Guangzhou were all low.关键词：aquatic environment;neonicotinoid insecticides（NEOs）;transformation products（TPs）;distribution characteristics;ecological risk;health risk223|51|0更新时间：2025-08-08
Scientific Papers
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摘要：To accurately analyze more halogenated hydrocarbons in ambient air，an effective method for the determination of 45 halogenated hydrocarbons in ambient air was established，including hydrofluorocarbons（HFCs），ozone-depleting substances（ODS），very short-lived substances（VSLSs），new pollutants，toxic and harmful halogenated hydrocarbons. This innovative approach employs pressurized sampling with a canister，and then analysis by the preconcentrator combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）. At the same time，the analytical conditions of the preconcentrator and GC-MS were optimized to enhance the sensitivity and accuracy of the method. Results showed that the calibration curves for all compounds demonstrated excellent linearity within the range of 0.10-2.50 nmol·mol-1，with the determination coefficients（r2） not less than 0.995 8. The limits of detection and quantification were in the ranges of 0.67-10.60 pmol·mol-1 and 2.69-42.41 pmol·mol-1，respectively. The recoveries of spiked blank ranged from 85.1% to 115%，with the relative standard deviations（RSDs，n=7） between 2.2% and 9.9%. The method was applied to the determination of real samples，and a total of 43 halogenated hydrocarbons were effectively determined. This method was simple，rapid，accurate，sensitive and stable，and was suitable for the determination of halogenated hydrocarbons in ambient air．关键词：halogenated hydrocarbons;ozone-depleting substances;greenhouse gases;new pollutants;very short-lived substances;gas chromatography-mass spectrometry;ambient air314|28|0更新时间：2025-08-08 -
摘要：Understanding the environmental occurrence and biological effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals associated with e-waste is important. In this study，sediment samples were collected from the vicinity of a typical e-waste recycling area in Qingyuan，Guangdong. Chemical analysis combined with cell-based bioassays were employed to quantify estrogenic effects and identify potential pollutants. The results revealed that the sediments exhibited estrogen receptor activity，with estrogenic equivalents ranging from 0.25 to 0.56 ng/g dw. Various pollutants associated with estrogenic activity were detected，including parabens，triclosan，hormones，alkylphenols and bisphenols. Estrone and bisphenol A were identified as the primary contributors，accounting for 3.75% to 33.6% of the total estrogenic activity in the sediments. The e-waste recycling activities were found to be the main source of bisphenol-related estrogenic disruptors. The combined application of chemical analysis and biological testing techniques not only enables high-sensitivity identification of trace environmental estrogenic compounds but also reveals the possible causative association of pollutants in environmental matrices by quantifying the contributions of target pollutants to the total estrogenic activity. This method provides effective technical support to accurately identify environment pollutants with adverse effects and their potential sources.关键词：e-waste;sediments;estrogenic activity;cell-based bioassay209|10|0更新时间：2025-08-08 -
摘要：In this study，we proposed an online micro-solid phase extraction（μ-SPE）/high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） analytical method based on covalent organic framework（COF） filling for the analytical detection of phenolic compounds. Bth-Tp COF was synthesized by solvothermal method using 1，3，5-benzenetricarbohydrazide（Bth） and 1，3，5-triformylphloroglucinol（Tp） as organic monomers. The structural and morphological characterizations indicated that the material showed good physical and chemical properties. Bth-Tp was used as a micro-solid phase extraction adsorbent for the separation and enrichment of five phenols，and the main factors affecting the extraction performance were systematically investigated by single factor experiments. Compared with the four commercial materials，the extraction effect was significantly improved. Optimal conditions were established for Bth-Tp/μ-SPE combined with HPLC-diode array detector（HPLC-DAD） to determine phenolic compounds in environmental water samples. This method exhibited excellent linearity in the range of 0.50-200.00 μg/L，with correlation coefficients（r） not less than 0.999 0. The limits of detection（S/N≥ 3） were low，ranging from 0.10-2.00 μg/L，and the extraction capacities were high，ranging from 2.65-7.84 μg. Recoveries at three spiked levels ranged from 82.5% to 120%，with relative standard deviations（RSDs） of 0.80% to 7.0%. This method provides a simpler，faster，more sensitive，and accurate alternative to traditional techniques for phenolic compound enrichment and detection.关键词：covalent organic frameworks（COF）;online micro-solid phase extraction;high performance liquid chromatograph （HPLC）;phenolic compounds;water samples246|58|0更新时间：2025-08-08 -
摘要：A high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（HPLC-MS/MS） method was established for the detection of ten disperse dyes in recycled polyethylene terephthalate（rPET） samples. After grinding the samples，extraction was performed three times by treating with ethanol under ultrasonic conditions for 20 minutes each time. An Eclipse XDB-C18 column（150 mm×2.1 mm，3.5 μm） was used，and a gradient elution with methanol and 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate was employed as the mobile phase. Measurements were conducted in positive ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring（MRM）. The results showed that the ten disperse dyes exhibited a good linear relationship within their respective concentration ranges，with correlation coefficients（r²） not less than 0.997 9. The limits of detection ranged from 0.1 to 0.5 μg/L，while the limits of quantification were between 0.5 and 1.0 μg/L. The average recoveries at low，medium，and high spiking levels ranged from 73.0% to 107%，with relative standard deviations（RSDs） ranging from 1.7% to 12%. Exhibiting no significant matrix effects，the method demonstrated high sensitivity，simplicity，and accuracy，making it suitable for laboratory detection of ten disperse dyes in rPET and PET samples.关键词：disperse dyes;high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry;recycled polyethylene terephthalate;polyethylene terephthalate279|13|0更新时间：2025-08-08 -
摘要：In this study，the pollution levels，seasonal characterization，influencing factors，and human exposure risks of 8 kinds of p-phenylenediamine（PPDs） and 2 kinds of derivatives（PPD-Quinone） in total suspended particulates（TSP） of Xinxiang City in the summer of 2023 and spring，autumn，and winter of 2024 were clarified using ultraperformance liquid chromatograph coupled with tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-MS/MS）. The results showed that the pollutants are ubiquitous with the mean concentration∑8PPDs of 120.60 pg/m3 and ∑2PPD-Qs of 21.98 pg/m3，whose detection rates were larger than 50% in total samples. PPDs and PPD-Qs showed obvious seasonal variation characteristics，with total concentrations higher in autumn and winter and lower in summer and spring. At the same time，the results showed that，affected by high temperatures and O3，the PPD-Q/PPD ratios in summer are the highest throughout the year，which were about 40 times those of autumn and winter. In addition，the respiratory exposure of adults and children to PPDs and PPD-Qs were evaluated.关键词：ultraperformance liquid chromatograph coupled with tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-MS/MS）;atmospheric particulates;p-phenylenediamines;respiratory exposure392|19|0更新时间：2025-08-08 -
摘要：Herein，a lanthanide-based fluorescent COF（COF-AMP-Eu） was designed and prepared toward the adsorption and sensing of tetracycline（TC）. First，1，3，5-tris（4-formylphenyl）benzene（TFPB） and 2，5-diaminohydroquinone dihydrochloride（DAHQ）were selected as the building units，and adenosine 5´-monophosphate sodium salt（AMP） as a functional reagent to create COF-AMP with abundant coordination N and O atoms. Then，COF-AMP-Eu was achieved through chelating Eu3+ on the COF-AMP by abundant N and O binding sites. Scanning electron microscopy（SEM），X-ray powder diffractometer（XRD） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS） were used to characterize the structure of COF-AMP-Eu. The adsorption process of tetracycline（TC） by COF-AMP-Eu kept well to the pseudo-second-order and the Freundlich isotherm models，and the maximum adsorption capacity was 35.51 mg/g at pH 6.06 and room temperature. Based on the fluorescence sensitizing effect of tetracycline to Eu3+ emission，a sensitive and selective fluorescence method for detection of tetracycline was explored by using COF-AMP-Eu as probe. A good linear relationship was obtained in the tetracycline concentration range of 0.01-4 µmol/L，and the detection limit was as low as 2.0 nmol/L.关键词：covalent organic framework;europium;tetracycline;adsorption;detection311|87|0更新时间：2025-08-08 -
摘要：In X-ray fluorescence（XRF） spectroscopy analysis of soil heavy metals，due to the high spatial complexity of the obtained spectral data，the non-deterministic polynomial（NP） problem of polynomial complexity often arises. Based on X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy，the X-ray fluorescence spectra of 87 prepared soil samples were collected to establish quantitative detection models for various soil heavy metal contents（Cu，Zn，As，Pb，Cr）. Variable selection was first performed using the iterative retaining information variable（IRIV） method. Subsequently，the bootstrapping soft shrinkage（BOSS） algorithm，under a frequency optimization strategy，was applied to calculate the frequency of each variable. Variables with frequencies of 30 or 35 times or more were selected as the final inputs for model construction using the partial least squares（PLS） method. Experimental results demonstrated that the IRIV-BOSS algorithm with frequency optimization strategies significantly improved prediction accuracy. The coefficients of determination（R²） for Cu，Zn，As，Pb，and Cr in the test set were 0.994 8，0.990 7，0.996 7，0.993 8，and 0.994 2，respectively，while the numbers of selected optimal characteristic wavelengths were 69，53，60，51，and 67. The IRIV-BOSS algorithm based on frequency optimization strategies effectively eliminates interfering variables while retaining critical information，thereby enhancing model prediction accuracy. This provides theoretical support and practical value for the application of XRF technology in the quantitative analysis of soil heavy metals.关键词：X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy;soil heavy metals;wavelength optimization;iterative retaining information variable;the bootstrapping soft shrinkage379|31|0更新时间：2025-08-08
Experimental Techniques and Methods
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