A novel method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 151 pesticides and 15 mycotoxins in
Ziziphi Spinosae Semen
(ZSS) using a combination of one-step automated QuEChERS and liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry(LC-Q-TOF MS). The sample was hydrated with 10 mL of deionized water and left to stand for 10 minutes. Subsequently,extraction was carried out using a 5% formic acid acetonitrile solution,followed by the addition of 4 g of anhydrous magnesium sulfate and 1 g of sodium chloride to induce phase separation. Cle
anup was performed using 100 mg of octadecylsilane(C
18
),100 mg of N-propylethylenediamine(PSA),and 5 mg of multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) as purification materials. Both extraction and cleanup steps were conducted using a one-step automated QuEChERS pretreatment system. Separation was performed using a ZORBAX SB-C
18
column(100 mm×2.1 mm,3.5 µm) with gradient elution,utilizing 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution(containing 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate) and 0.1% formic acid methanol as mobile phases. Detection was performed using LC-Q-TOF MS with electrospray ionization(ESI) and All ions MS/MS scanning in both positive and negative modes,and quantification was carried out via the matrix-matching external standard method. The analysis demonstrated that all 166 compounds exhibited good linearity,with correlation coefficients(
r
² ≥ 0.992 6) across their respective concentration ranges. The screening detection limits(SDLs) and limits of quantification(LOQs) ranged from 0.5 to 20 µg/kg for both raw and fried ZSS samples. Recovery experiments were performed on raw and fried ZSS at three spiked levels of 1-fold,2-fold and 10-fold LOQ(
n
=6),and the recoveries ranged from 71.2% to 118% with RSDs of 0.80% to 19% for raw ZSS and from 71.1% to 120% with RSDs of 1.0% to 19% for fried ZSS. The established method was applied to detect pesticide and mycotoxin residues in 20 batches of ZSS samples. Two pesticides and three mycotoxins were detected in actual samples. Notably,aflatoxin B
1
was detected in both raw and fried ZSS samples,with its content exceeding maximum residue limit(MRL) set by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020). The method developed in this study offers a highly effective and reliable approach for quality control and safety supervision of ZSS,making a significant contribution to the assessment of the safety of ZSS products in the market. The method has great potential for food safety and herbal product safety.
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references
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